{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:24Z","timestamp":1760147304080,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts","award":["NAZV QK1910356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NAZV QK1910356"]}]},{"name":"Czech Ministry of Agriculture","award":["NAZV QK1910356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NAZV QK1910356"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viruses contribute significantly to the global decline of honey bee populations. One way to limit the impact of such viruses is the introduction of natural antiviral compounds from fungi as a component of honey bee diets. Therefore, we examined the effect of crude organic extracts from seven strains of the fungal genus Talaromyces in honey bee diets under laboratory conditions. The strains were isolated from bee bread prepared by honey bees infected with chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV). The antiviral effect of the extracts was also quantified in vitro using mammalian cells as a model system. We found that three extracts (from strains B13, B18 and B30) mitigated CBPV infections and increased the survival rate of bees, whereas other extracts had no effect (B11 and B49) or were independently toxic (B69 and B195). Extract B18 inhibited the replication of feline calicivirus and feline coronavirus (FCoV) in mammalian cells, whereas extracts B18 and B195 reduced the infectivity of FCoV by ~90% and 99%, respectively. Our results show that nonpathogenic fungi (and their products in food stores) offer an underexplored source of compounds that promote disease resistance in honey bees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T01:57:07Z","timestamp":1674698227000},"page":"343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Crude Extracts of Talaromyces Strains (Ascomycota) Affect Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Resistance to Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2865-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Vocadlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Lamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Benes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OncoRa s.r.o., Nemanicka 2722, 37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Matha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retorta s.r.o., Tresnova 316, 37382 Borsov nad Vltavou, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Zin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8276-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Vilcinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3721","article-title":"Importance of Pollinators in Changing Landscapes for World Crops","volume":"274","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. 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