{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:32:14Z","timestamp":1784309534143,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IMTS","award":["313021BZC9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313021BZC9"]}]},{"name":"IMTS","award":["2\/0126\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0126\/22"]}]},{"name":"IMTS","award":["2\/0140\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0140\/21"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vega","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313021BZC9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313021BZC9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vega","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0126\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0126\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vega","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0140\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0140\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral infections caused by viruses from the family Flaviviridae such as Zika (ZIKV), Dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), and Usutu (USUV) are some of the most challenging diseases for recognition in clinical diagnostics and epidemiological tracking thanks to their short viremia, non-specific symptoms, and high cross-reactivity observed in laboratory techniques. In Central Europe, the most relevant endemic flaviviruses are mosquito-borne WNV and USUV, and tick-borne TBEV. All three viruses have been recognised to be responsible for human neuroinvasive diseases. Moreover, they are interrupting the blood and transplantation safety processes, when the great efforts made to save a patient\u2019s life could be defeated by acquired infection from donors. Due to the trend of changing distribution and abundance of flaviviruses and their vectors influenced by global change, the co-circulation of WNV, USUV, and TBEV can be observed in the same area. In this perspective, we discuss the problems of flavivirus diagnostics and epidemiology monitoring in Slovakia as a model area of Central Europe, where co-circulation of WNV, USUV, and TBEV in the same zone has been recently detected. This new situation presents multiple challenges not only for diagnostics or surveillance but particularly also for blood and organ safety. We conclude that the current routinely used laboratory diagnostics and donor screening applied by the European Union (EU) regulations are out of date and the novel methods which have become available in recent years, e.g., next-gene sequencing or urine screening should be implemented immediately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T07:34:41Z","timestamp":1675064081000},"page":"366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Co-Circulation of West Nile, Usutu, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in the Same Area: A Great Challenge for Diagnostic and Blood and Organ Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8725-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"\u010cabanov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Kerlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Authority of Public Health in Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Cesta k Nemocnici 1, 975 56 Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kirschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The General Hospital and Policlinic Lu\u010denec n.o., N\u00e1mestie Republiky 15, 984 39 Lu\u010denec, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Rosochov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Transfusion Service of the Slovak Republic, \u010eumbierska 3\/L, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-1224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Klempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sl\u00e1vikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Li\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zannoli, S., and Sambri, V. 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