{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:49:52Z","timestamp":1788670192643,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["SKLVEB2021KFKT009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLVEB2021KFKT009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the rapid mutation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), existing vaccines cannot provide sufficient immune protection for pigs. Therefore, it is urgent to design the affinity peptides for the prevention and control of this disease. In this study, we made use of a molecular docking technology for virtual screening of affinity peptides that specifically recognized the PEDV S1 C-terminal domain (CTD) protein for the first time. Experimentally, the affinity, cross-reactivity and sensitivity of the peptides were identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) test, separately. Subsequently, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence were used to further study the antiviral effect of different concentrations of peptide 110766 in PEDV. Our results showed that the P\/N value of peptide 110766 at 450 nm reached 167, with a KD value of 216 nM. The cytotoxic test indicated that peptide 110766 was not toxic to vero cells. Results of the absolute quantitative PCR revealed that different concentrations (3.125 \u03bcM, 6.25 \u03bcM, 12.5 \u03bcM, 25 \u03bcM, 50 \u03bcM, 100 \u03bcM, 200 \u03bcM) of peptide 110766 could significantly reduce the viral load of PEDV compared with the virus group (p &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, results of Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence also suggested that the antiviral effect of peptide 110766 at 3.125 is still significant. Based on the above research, high-affinity peptide 110766 binding to the PEDV S1-CTD protein was attained by a molecular docking technology. Therefore, designing, screening, and identifying affinity peptides can provide a new method for the development of antiviral drugs for PEDV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T07:34:41Z","timestamp":1675064081000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Virtual Screening-Based Peptides Targeting Spike Protein to Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China"},{"name":"Longhu Modern Immunology Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317606","article-title":"A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine","volume":"58","author":"Pensaert","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. 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