{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:13:52Z","timestamp":1791980032851,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Meat and Livestock Australia with matching funds","award":["B.FLT.0164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.FLT.0164"]}]},{"name":"Meat and Livestock Australia with matching funds","award":["B.FLT.0224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.FLT.0224"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government","award":["B.FLT.0164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.FLT.0164"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government","award":["B.FLT.0224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.FLT.0224"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major health problem within the global cattle industry. This disease has a complex aetiology, with viruses playing an integral role. In this study, metagenomics was used to sequence viral nucleic acids in the nasal swabs of BRD-affected cattle. The viruses detected included those that are well known for their association with BRD in Australia (bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1), as well as viruses known to be present but not fully characterised (bovine coronavirus) and viruses that have not been reported in BRD-affected cattle in Australia (bovine rhinitis, bovine influenza D, and bovine nidovirus). The nasal swabs from a case\u2013control study were subsequently tested for 10 viruses, and the presence of at least one virus was found to be significantly associated with BRD. Some of the more recently detected viruses had inconsistent associations with BRD. Full genome sequences for bovine coronavirus, a virus increasingly associated with BRD, and bovine nidovirus were completed. Both viruses belong to the Coronaviridae family, which are frequently associated with disease in mammals. This study has provided greater insights into the viral pathogens associated with BRD and highlighted the need for further studies to more precisely elucidate the roles viruses play in BRD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1675736897000},"page":"455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterisation of the Upper Respiratory Tract Virome of Feedlot Cattle and Its Association with Bovine Respiratory Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriscience Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Blakebrough-Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2570, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Gravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriscience Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano A.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2570, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Biomedical Building, Australian Technology Park, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4573-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Queensland Bioscieces Precinct, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa005","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa005","article-title":"An evaluation of the economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on animal performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes in feedlot cattle defined using four BRD diagnosis methods","volume":"98","author":"McMeniman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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