{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:17:44Z","timestamp":1788322664213,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP19ek0109356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19ek0109356"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["20ek0109356h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109356h0003"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["21ek0109529h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ek0109529h0001"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["19FC1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19FC1007"]}]},{"name":"Practical Research Project for Rare\/Intractable Diseases of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["20K08776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K08776"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["JP19ek0109356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19ek0109356"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["20ek0109356h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109356h0003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["21ek0109529h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ek0109529h0001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["19FC1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19FC1007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["20K08776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K08776"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["JP19ek0109356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19ek0109356"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["20ek0109356h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109356h0003"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["21ek0109529h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ek0109529h0001"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["19FC1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19FC1007"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["20K08776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K08776"]}]},{"name":"Miyazaki University Hospital","award":["JP19ek0109356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19ek0109356"]}]},{"name":"Miyazaki University Hospital","award":["20ek0109356h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0109356h0003"]}]},{"name":"Miyazaki University Hospital","award":["21ek0109529h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ek0109529h0001"]}]},{"name":"Miyazaki University Hospital","award":["19FC1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19FC1007"]}]},{"name":"Miyazaki University Hospital","award":["20K08776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K08776"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study aims to assess the usefulness of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cell analysis using flow cytometry (HAS-Flow) as a monitoring method for adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) development in HTLV-1-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under treatment with antirheumatic therapies. A total of 13 HTLV-1-negative and 57 HTLV-1-positive RA patients participated in this study, which was used to collect clinical and laboratory data, including HAS-Flow and HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), which were then compared between the two groups. CADM1 expression on CD4+ cells in peripheral blood (PB) was used to identify HTLV-1-infected cells. The population of CADM1+ CD4+ cells was significantly higher in HTLV-1-positive RA patients compared to HTLV-1-negative RA patients. The population of CADM1+ CD4+ cells was correlated with HTLV-1 PVL values. There were no antirheumatic therapies affecting both the expression of CADM1 on CD4+ cells and PVLs. Six HTLV-1-positive RA patients who indicated both high HTLV-1 PVL and a predominant pattern of CADM1+ CD7neg CD4+ cells in HAS-Flow can be classified as high-risk for ATL progression. HAS-Flow could be a useful method for monitoring high-risk HTLV-1-positive RA patients who are at risk of developing ATL during antirheumatic therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:57:16Z","timestamp":1675828636000},"page":"468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HAS-Flow May Be an Adequate Method for Evaluating Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infected Cells in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Antirheumatic Therapies: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observation Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Umekita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hashikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Takaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Iwao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayoi","family":"Hashiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Miyazaki Zenjinkai Hospital, Miyazaki 880-0834, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Miyazaki Zenjinkai Hospital, Miyazaki 880-0834, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31491-5","article-title":"Novel treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"389","author":"Burmester","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61704-9","article-title":"Risk of serious infection in biological treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and 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