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Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T02:41:56Z","timestamp":1676342516000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1597-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Menezes dos Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-482X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Rodrigues","family":"Ber\u00e7ot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Gazieri","family":"Castelucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Julia Estumano","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Moraes-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3166","article-title":"Regulating the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infection","volume":"12","author":"Braciale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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