{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:10:34Z","timestamp":1783577434050,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1800101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which uses a mosquito primary vector and swine as a reservoir host, poses a significant risk to human and animal health. JEV can be detected in cattle, goats and dogs. A molecular epidemiological survey of JEV was conducted in 3105 mammals from five species, swine, fox, racoon dog, yak and goat, and 17,300 mosquitoes from 11 Chinese provinces. JEV was detected in pigs from Heilongjiang (12\/328, 3.66%), Jilin (17\/642, 2.65%), Shandong (14\/832, 1.68%), Guangxi (8\/278, 2.88%) and Inner Mongolia (9\/952, 0.94%); in goats (1\/51, 1.96%) from Tibet; and mosquitoes (6\/131, 4.58%) from Yunnan. A total of 13 JEV envelope (E) gene sequences were amplified in pigs from Heilongjiang (5\/13), Jilin (2\/13) and Guangxi (6\/13). Swine had the highest JEV infection rate of any animal species, and the highest infection rates were found in Heilongjiang. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the predominant strain in Northern China was genotype I. Mutations were found at residues 76, 95, 123, 138, 244, 474 and 475 of E protein but all sequences had predicted glycosylation sites at \u2032N154. Three strains lacked the threonine 76 phosphorylation site from non-specific (unsp) and protein kinase G (PKG) site predictions; one lacked the threonine 186 phosphorylation site from protein kinase II (CKII) prediction; and one lacked the tyrosine 90 phosphorylation site from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) prediction. The aim of the current study was to contribute to JEV prevention and control through the characterization of its molecular epidemiology and prediction of functional changes due to E-protein mutations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:05:40Z","timestamp":1677470740000},"page":"625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Animals from 11 Provinces in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changzhan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuancheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubiao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"},{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, 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Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071393"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/3\/625\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:42:07Z","timestamp":1760121727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/3\/625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v15030625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15030625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]}}}