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AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["01.22.0074.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0074.00"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["404096\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404096\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["2021\/00603-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/00603-3"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["2019\/18581-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/18581-6"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["U01AI151807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151807"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["381840\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["381840\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"RedeV\u00edrus\/MCTI","award":["2020\/07419-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07419-0"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["01.22.0074.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0074.00"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["404096\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404096\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2021\/00603-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/00603-3"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2019\/18581-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/18581-6"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["U01AI151807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151807"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["381840\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["381840\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2020\/07419-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07419-0"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["01.22.0074.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0074.00"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["404096\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404096\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["2021\/00603-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/00603-3"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["2019\/18581-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/18581-6"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["U01AI151807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151807"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["381840\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["381840\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"CREATE-NEO","award":["2020\/07419-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07419-0"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["01.22.0074.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0074.00"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["404096\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404096\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["2021\/00603-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/00603-3"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["2019\/18581-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/18581-6"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["U01AI151807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151807"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["381840\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["381840\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"Unesp Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["2020\/07419-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07419-0"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["01.22.0074.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0074.00"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["404096\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404096\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["2021\/00603-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/00603-3"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["2019\/18581-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/18581-6"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["U01AI151807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151807"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["381840\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["381840\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Post-doctoral Scholarship","award":["2020\/07419-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07419-0"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.20.0029.000462\/20"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["01.22.0074.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0074.00"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["404096\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404096\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2021\/00603-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/00603-3"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2019\/18581-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/18581-6"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["U01AI151807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI151807"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["381840\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["381840\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"FAPESP","award":["2020\/07419-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07419-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus (FluV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), have contributed considerably to the burden of infectious diseases in the non-COVID-19 era. While the rates of co-infection in SARS-CoV-2-positive group (SCPG) patients have been determined, the burden of other respiratory viruses in the SARS-CoV-2-negative group (SCNG) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study (S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto county, Brazil), and we collected our data using a meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV among SCNG patients. Out of the 901 patients suspected of COVID-19, our molecular results showed positivity of FluV and RSV in the SCNG was 2% (15\/733) and 0.27% (2\/733), respectively. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and FluV, or RSV, was identified in 1.7% of the patients (3\/168). Following our meta-analysis, 28 studies were selected (n = 114,318 suspected COVID-19 patients), with a pooled prevalence of 4% (95% CI: 3\u20136) for FluV and 2% (95% CI: 1\u20133) for RSV among SCNG patients were observed. Interestingly, FluV positivity in the SCNG was four times higher (OR = 4, 95% CI: 3.6\u20135.4, p &lt; 0.01) than in the SCPG. Similarly, RSV positivity was significantly associated with SCNG patients (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2\u20134, p &lt; 0.01). For subgroup analysis, cold-like symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, diarrhea, and nausea\/vomiting, were positively associated (p &lt; 0.05) with the SCPG. In conclusion, these results show that the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV were significantly higher in the SCNG than in the SCPG during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1677729296000},"page":"665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Suspected COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Meta-Analysis Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9359-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivaldo Gomes da","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2727-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana J\u00falia Chaves","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00edntia","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayla Bott","family":"Geraldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e2mela J\u00f3yce","family":"Previdelli da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gata Silva","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joice Matos","family":"Biselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola Jocelan Scarin","family":"Provazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1118-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Rodrigues Fernandes","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Departamento de Doen\u00e7as Dermatol\u00f3gicas, Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Ricardo da Silva","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo In\u00e1cio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-360, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Lacerda","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Departamento de Doen\u00e7as Dermatol\u00f3gicas, Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9153-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Jo\u00e3o Pessoa","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Rosado","family":"Spilki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia Freitas","family":"Calmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Rahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Gen\u00f4micos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.07.002","article-title":"Disease-causing human viruses: 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