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Foundation","award":["C7060-21G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7060-21G"]}]},{"name":"Betty Hing-Chu Lee, Ping Cham So, and the Lo Ying Shek Chi Wai Foundation","award":["T11-709\/21-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T11-709\/21-N"]}]},{"name":"Betty Hing-Chu Lee, Ping Cham So, and the Lo Ying Shek Chi Wai Foundation","award":["ZDKJ202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ202003"]}]},{"name":"Betty Hing-Chu Lee, Ping Cham So, and the Lo Ying Shek Chi Wai Foundation","award":["YSPTZX202004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSPTZX202004"]}]},{"name":"Betty Hing-Chu Lee, Ping Cham So, and the Lo Ying Shek Chi Wai Foundation","award":["SRC200003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRC200003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of new immune-evasive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and subvariants outpaces the development of vaccines specific against the dominant circulating strains. In terms of the only accepted immune correlate of protection, the inactivated whole-virion vaccine using wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike induces a much lower serum neutralizing antibody titre against the Omicron subvariants. Since the inactivated vaccine given intramuscularly is one of the most commonly used coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in developing regions, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal boosting after intramuscular priming would provide a broader level of protection. Here, we showed that one or two intranasal boosts with the Fc-linked trimeric spike receptor-binding domain from wild-type SARS-CoV-2 can induce significantly higher serum neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron subvariants, including BA.5.2 and XBB.1, with a lower titre in the bronchoalveolar lavage of vaccinated Balb\/c mice than vaccination with four intramuscular doses of inactivated whole virion vaccine. The intranasally vaccinated K18-hACE2-transgenic mice also had a significantly lower nasal turbinate viral load, suggesting a better protection of the upper airway, which is the predilected site of infection by Omicron subvariants. This intramuscular priming and intranasal boosting approach that achieves broader cross-protection against Omicron variants and subvariants may lengthen the interval required for changing the vaccine immunogen from months to years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T05:18:43Z","timestamp":1678079923000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intranasal Boosting with Spike Fc-RBD of Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 Induces Neutralizing Antibodies against Omicron Subvariants and Reduces Viral Load in the Nasal Turbinate of Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jian-Piao","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuiting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hehe","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Jinxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key 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