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Krebshilfe","award":["70114948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70114948"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen","award":["16LW0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16LW0005"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen","award":["2020\/01DP21014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01DP21014"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen","award":["WA 4608\/1-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WA 4608\/1-2"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen","award":["EXC2180-390900677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2180-390900677"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen","award":["2016.177.3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016.177.3"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen","award":["70114948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70114948"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the routine use of effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, the number of life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) courses have largely been reduced. However, multiple COVID-19 convalescents, even after asymptomatic to moderate disease, suffer from post-COVID syndrome, with relevant limitations in daily life. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome are still elusive, with dysregulation of the immune system suggested as a central mechanism. Here, we assessed COVID-19 post-infectious symptoms (5\u20136 months after PCR-confirmed acute infection) together with the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents, early (5\u20136 weeks) and late (5\u20136 months) after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Convalescents reporting several post-infectious symptoms (&gt;3) showed higher anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels 5\u20136 weeks after PCR-confirmed infection with the latter remained increased 5\u20136 months after positive PCR. Likewise, a higher post-infectious symptom score was associated with increased antibody levels. Of note, convalescents displaying neuro-psychiatric symptoms such as restlessness, palpitations, irritability, and headache, as well as general symptoms such as fatigue\/reduced power had higher SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels compared with asymptomatic cases. The increased humoral immune response in convalescents with post-COVID syndrome might be useful for the detection of individuals with an increased risk for post-COVID syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T05:01:12Z","timestamp":1678251672000},"page":"701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Elevated SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Levels in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hackenbruch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, University of T\u00fcbingen, R\u00f6ntgenweg 11, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yacine","family":"Maringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, University of T\u00fcbingen, R\u00f6ntgenweg 11, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6688-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian M.","family":"Tegeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of T\u00fcbingen, Calwerstra\u00dfe 7, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6404-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane S.","family":"Walz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, University of T\u00fcbingen, R\u00f6ntgenweg 11, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8504-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Nelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, University of T\u00fcbingen, R\u00f6ntgenweg 11, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas S.","family":"Heitmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) \u201cImage-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d, University of T\u00fcbingen, R\u00f6ntgenweg 11, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, September 12). 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