{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:13:38Z","timestamp":1787030018201,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Caribbean enjoys a long-standing eminence as a popular tourist destination; however, over the years it has also amassed the sobriquet \u201carbovirus hotspot\u201d. As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitats, a cognizant working knowledge of the lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that influence their emergence and resurgence becomes essential. The extant literature on Caribbean arboviruses is spread across decades of published literature and is quite often difficult to access, and, in some cases, is obsolete. Here, we look at the lesser-known arboviruses of the insular Caribbean and examine some of the drivers for their emergence and resurgence. We searched the scientific literature databases PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed literature as well as scholarly reports. We included articles and reports that describe works resulting in serological evidence of the presence of arboviruses and\/or arbovirus isolations in the insular Caribbean. Studies without serological evidence and\/or arbovirus isolations as well as those including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever were excluded. Of the 545 articles identified, 122 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 arboviruses were identified in the literature. These arboviruses and the drivers that affect their emergence\/resurgence are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T04:31:21Z","timestamp":1679891481000},"page":"843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Others: A Systematic Review of the Lesser-Known Arboviruses of the Insular Caribbean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Inshan","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5319-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Alarc\u1f79n-Elbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Mundle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The Mico University College, Kingston 5, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simmoy A. A.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris A. L.","family":"Oura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Anzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica"},{"name":"Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone L.","family":"Sandiford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica"},{"name":"Mosquito Control and Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and UNICEF\/UNDP\/World Bank\/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (2017). 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