{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:43:24Z","timestamp":1790091804606,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretary of Science, Technology and Higher, Professional and Technological Education of the State of Par\u00e1","award":["#09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Secretary of Science, Technology and Higher, Professional and Technological Education of the State of Par\u00e1","award":["#006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Secretary of Science, Technology and Higher, Professional and Technological Education of the State of Par\u00e1","award":["#060\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#060\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Secretary of Science, Technology and Higher, Professional and Technological Education of the State of Par\u00e1","award":["#401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Research Support (FAPESPA)","award":["#09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Research Support (FAPESPA)","award":["#006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Research Support (FAPESPA)","award":["#060\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#060\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Research Support (FAPESPA)","award":["#401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["#09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["#006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["#060\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#060\/2020"]}]},{"name":"The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["#401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#401235\/2020-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming to evaluate the role of ten functional polymorphisms in long COVID, involved in major inflammatory, immune response and thrombophilia pathways, a cross-sectional sample composed of 199 long COVID (LC) patients and a cohort composed of 79 COVID-19 patients whose follow-up by over six months did not reveal any evidence of long COVID (NLC) were investigated to detect genetic susceptibility to long COVID. Ten functional polymorphisms located in thrombophilia-related and immune response genes were genotyped by real time PCR. In terms of clinical outcomes, LC patients presented higher prevalence of heart disease as preexistent comorbidity. In general, the proportions of symptoms in acute phase of the disease were higher among LC patients. The genotype AA of the interferon gamma (IFNG) gene was observed in higher frequency among LC patients (60%; p = 0.033). Moreover, the genotype CC of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was also more frequent among LC patients (49%; p = 0.045). Additionally, the frequencies of LC symptoms were higher among carriers of IFNG genotypes AA than among non-AA genotypes (Z = 5.08; p &lt; 0.0001). Two polymorphisms were associated with LC in both inflammatory and thrombophilia pathways, thus reinforcing their role in LC. The higher frequencies of acute phase symptoms among LC and higher frequency of underlying comorbidities might suggest that acute disease severity and the triggering of preexisting condition may play a role in LC development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T03:17:35Z","timestamp":1680146255000},"page":"885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Thrombophilia and Immune-Related Genetic Markers in Long COVID"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rosilene","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 58255-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 58255-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin Matheus Lima","family":"de Sarges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 58255-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 58255-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2263-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Henrique Damasceno","family":"Cantanhede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 58255-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of 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