{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:05:17Z","timestamp":1780495517518,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DOD PCRP DAMD17-03-1-0104"},{"name":"NIH\/NCI R01CA228760"},{"name":"NIH\/NCI R01CA276480"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The development of conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), particularly neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), has two major obstacles: choice of control element and poor infectivity. We applied fiber-modification-based infectivity enhancement and an androgen-independent promoter (cyclooxynegase-2, COX-2) to overcome these issues. Methods: The properties of the COX-2 promoter and the effect of fiber modification were tested in two CRPC cell lines (Du-145 and PC3). Fiber-modified COX-2 CRAds were tested in vitro for cytocidal effect as well as in vivo for antitumor effect with subcutaneous CRPC xenografts. Results: In both CRPC cell lines, the COX-2 promoter showed high activity, and Ad5\/Ad3 fiber modification significantly enhanced adenoviral infectivity. COX-2 CRAds showed a potent cytocidal effect in CRPC cells with remarkable augmentation by fiber modification. In vivo, COX-2 CRAds showed an antitumor effect in Du-145 while only Ad5\/Ad3 CRAd showed the strongest antitumor effect in PC3. Conclusion: COX-2 promoter\u2013based, infectivity-enhanced CRAds showed a potent antitumor effect in CRPC\/NEPC cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T09:12:59Z","timestamp":1680253979000},"page":"901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Infectivity-Enhanced, Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus for COX-2-Expressing Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Gavrikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naohiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Davydova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel S.","family":"Antonarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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