{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T15:07:19Z","timestamp":1774969639532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32070149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070149"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32270138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270138"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31770178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770178"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31500137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31500137"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) is a critical component of innate immune responses in humans to combat infection by many viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). IFN-\u03b3 exerts its biological effects by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, RNA-seq analyses revealed that HCMV tegument protein UL23 could regulate the expression of many ISGs under IFN-\u03b3 treatment or HCMV infection. We further confirmed that among these IFN-\u03b3 stimulated genes, individual APOL1 (Apolipoprotein-L1), CMPK2 (Cytidine\/uridine monophosphate kinase 2), and LGALS9 (Galectin-9) could inhibit HCMV replication. Moreover, these three proteins exhibited a synergistic effect on HCMV replication. UL23-deficient HCMV mutants induced higher expression of APOL1, CMPK2, and LGALS9, and exhibited lower viral titers in IFN-\u03b3 treated cells compared with parental viruses expressing full functional UL23. Thus, UL23 appears to resist the antiviral effect of IFN-\u03b3 by downregulating the expression of APOL1, CMPK2, and LGALS9. This study highlights the roles of HCMV UL23 in facilitating viral immune escape from IFN-\u03b3 responses by specifically downregulating these ISGs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15041014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T05:35:46Z","timestamp":1681968946000},"page":"1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human Cytomegalovirus UL23 Antagonizes the Antiviral Effect of Interferon-\u03b3 by Restraining the Expression of Specific IFN-Stimulated Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hankun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijian","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangchun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2447-0544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2143-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongjian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00034-08","article-title":"Immunobiology of human cytomegalovirus: From bench to bedside","volume":"22","author":"Crough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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