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In our recent study, we demonstrated that the viral noncoding RNA (subgenomic flaviviral RNA, sfRNA) of the Zika virus induces apoptosis of neural progenitors and is required for ZIKV pathogenesis in the developing brain. Herein, we expanded on our initial findings and identified biological processes and signaling pathways affected by the production of ZIKV sfRNA in the developing brain tissue. We employed 3D brain organoids generated from induced human pluripotent stem cells (ihPSC) as an ex vivo model of viral infection in the developing brain and utilized wild type (WT) ZIKV (producing sfRNA) and mutant ZIKV (deficient in the production of sfRNA). Global transcriptome profiling by RNA-Seq revealed that the production of sfRNA affects the expression of &gt;1000 genes. We uncovered that in addition to the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways, organoids infected with sfRNA-producing WT, but not sfRNA-deficient mutant ZIKV, which exhibited a strong down-regulation of genes involved in signaling pathways that control neuron differentiation and brain development, indicating the requirement of sfRNA for the suppression of neurodevelopment associated with the ZIKV infection. Using gene set enrichment analysis and gene network reconstruction, we demonstrated that the effect of sfRNA on pathways that control brain development occurs via crosstalk between Wnt-signaling and proapoptotic pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T05:23:35Z","timestamp":1682486615000},"page":"1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Noncoding RNA of Zika Virus Affects Interplay between Wnt-Signaling and Pro-Apoptotic Pathways in the Developing Brain Tissue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3258-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrii","family":"Slonchak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harman","family":"Chaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1841-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Wolvetang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Khromykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0446-y","article-title":"The Emergence of Zika Virus and Its New Clinical Syndromes","volume":"560","author":"Pierson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2020.0119","article-title":"The Importance of Biobanking for Response to Pandemics Caused by Emerging Viruses: The European Virus Archive As an Observatory of the Global Response to the Zika Virus and COVID-19 Crisis","volume":"18","author":"Baronti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biopreservation Biobanking"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3732-0","article-title":"Sylvatic Cycles of Arboviruses in Non-Human Primates","volume":"12","author":"Valentine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-016-0172-y","article-title":"Management of Infection by the Zika Virus","volume":"15","author":"Falcao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. 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