{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:49:53Z","timestamp":1777661393378,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP)","award":["HHSN266200700010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN266200700010C"]}]},{"name":"NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP)","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}]},{"name":"NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP)","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}]},{"name":"NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP)","award":["JP22wm0125002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22wm0125002"]}]},{"name":"NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP)","award":["JP223fa627001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627001"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT)","award":["HHSN266200700010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN266200700010C"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT)","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT)","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT)","award":["JP22wm0125002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22wm0125002"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT)","award":["JP223fa627001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627001"]}]},{"name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure","award":["HHSN266200700010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN266200700010C"]}]},{"name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}]},{"name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}]},{"name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure","award":["JP22wm0125002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22wm0125002"]}]},{"name":"Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure","award":["JP223fa627001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627001"]}]},{"name":"Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["HHSN266200700010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN266200700010C"]}]},{"name":"Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}]},{"name":"Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}]},{"name":"Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["JP22wm0125002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22wm0125002"]}]},{"name":"Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["JP223fa627001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Routine surveillance in live poultry markets in the northern regions of Vietnam from 2016 to 2017 resulted in the isolation of 27 highly pathogenic avian H5N1 and H5N6 viruses of 3 different clades (2.3.2.1c, 2.3.4.4f, and 2.3.4.4g). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of these viruses revealed reassortment with various subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Deep-sequencing identified minor viral subpopulations encoding variants that may affect pathogenicity and sensitivity to antiviral drugs. Interestingly, mice infected with two different clade 2.3.2.1c viruses lost body weight rapidly and succumbed to virus infection, whereas mice infected with clade 2.3.4.4f or 2.3.4.4g viruses experienced non-lethal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1682942551000},"page":"1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Highly Pathogenic H5 Influenza Viruses Isolated between 2016 and 2017 in Vietnamese Live Bird Markets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lizheng","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongxun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Plisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Presler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Babujee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0001-8203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pattinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Le Khanh Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vu Mai Phuong","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Quynh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harm","family":"van Bakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kawaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA"},{"name":"Division of 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