{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:20:57Z","timestamp":1770880857495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children can be compounded by concurrent diseases and immunosuppressants. For the first time, we aimed to report the clinical features of concurrent COVID-19 and pediatric rheumatic disease (PRD) in Japan. Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan members were surveyed between 1 April 2020 and 31 August 2022. Outcome measurements included the clinical features of concurrent PRD and COVID-19. Questionnaire responses were obtained from 38 hospitals. Thirty-one hospitals (82%) had children with PRD and COVID-19. The female-to-male ratio in these children (n = 156) was 7:3, with half aged 11\u201315 years. The highest proportion of children with PRD and COVID-19 was accounted for by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (52%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (24%), juvenile dermatomyositis (5%), scleroderma (4%), and Takayasu arteritis (3%). Of children with PRD, a significant majority (97%) were found to be asymptomatic (10%) or presented with mild symptoms (87%) of the COVID-19 infection. No severe cases or deaths were observed. Regarding the use of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, or biologics for PRD treatment before COVID-19, no significant difference was found between asymptomatic\/mild and moderate COVID-19 in children with PRD. Therefore, COVID-19 is not a threat to children with PRD in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T01:31:46Z","timestamp":1684719106000},"page":"1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: 2020\u20132022 Survey of the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1534-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Wakiguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9162-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utako","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Saitama Children\u2019s Medical Center, Saitama 330-8777, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Imagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunology, Kanagawa Children\u2019s Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0066, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidehiko","family":"Narazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0568-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takako","family":"Miyamae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagatsuma, K., Koolhof, I.S., and Saito, R. 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