{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:45:06Z","timestamp":1790768706279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32070161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070161"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFD1800100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800100"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020GXNSFAA297212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GXNSFAA297212"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32070161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070161"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFD1800100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800100"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020GXNSFAA297212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GXNSFAA297212"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China","award":["32070161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070161"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China","award":["2022YFD1800100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800100"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China","award":["2020GXNSFAA297212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GXNSFAA297212"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies is a lethal encephalitis caused by the rabies virus (RABV) with a fatality rate near 100% after the onset of clinical symptoms in humans and animals. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system. Few studies have been conducted on the functional role of microglia in RABV infection. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of mRNA expression profiles in the microglia of mouse brains intracerebrally infected with RABV. We successfully isolated single microglial cells from the mouse brains. The survival rate of dissociated microglial cells was 81.91%\u201396.7%, and the purity was 88.3%. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 22,079 differentially expressed mRNAs identified in the microglia of mouse brains infected with RABV strains (rRC-HL, GX074, and CVS-24) of varying virulence at 4 and 7 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the control group. The numbers of DEGs versus the control at 4 and 7 dpi in mice infected with rRC-HL, GX074, and CVS-24 were 3622 and 4590, 265 and 4901, and 4079 and 6337. The GO enrichment analysis showed that response to stress, response to external stimulus, regulation of response to stimulus, and immune system process were abundant during RABV infection. The KEGG analysis indicated that the Tlr, Tnf, RIG-I, NOD, NF-\u03baB, MAPK, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways were involved in RABV infection at both 4 and 7 dpi. However, some phagocytosis and cell signal transduction processes, such as endocytosis, p53, phospholipase D, and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways, were only expressed at 7 dpi. The involvement of the Tnf and Tlr signaling pathways prompted us to construct a protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) network of these pathways. The PPI revealed 8 DEGs, including Mmp9, Jun, Pik3r1, and Mapk12. Notably, Il-1b interacted with Tnf and Il-6 with combined scores of 0.973 and 0.981, respectively. RABV causes significant changes in mRNA expression profiles in the microglia in mice. 22,079 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the microglia of mice infected with RABV strains of varying virulence at 4 and 7 dpi. The DEGs were evaluated using GO, KEGG, and PPI network analysis. Many immune pathways were up-regulated in RABV-infected groups. The findings will help elucidate the microglial molecular mechanisms of cellular metabolism dysregulated by RABV and may provide important information for investigating RABV pathogenesis and therapeutic methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T07:00:02Z","timestamp":1684825202000},"page":"1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis of mRNA Expression Profiles in the Microglia of Mouse Brains Infected with Rabies Viruses of Varying Virulence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jundan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangchang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraha Bahlbi","family":"Kiflu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiankai","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting Rong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17091","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.91","article-title":"Rabies","volume":"3","author":"Fooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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