{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:28:29Z","timestamp":1792214909758,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>French Guiana (FG), a French overseas territory in South America, is susceptible to tropical diseases, including arboviruses. The tropical climate supports the proliferation and establishment of vectors, making it difficult to control transmission. In the last ten years, FG has experienced large outbreaks of imported arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika, as well as endemic arboviruses such as dengue, Yellow fever, and Oropouche virus. Epidemiological surveillance is challenging due to the differing distributions and behaviors of vectors. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge of these arboviruses in FG and discuss the challenges of arbovirus emergence and reemergence. Effective control measures are hampered by the nonspecific clinical presentation of these diseases, as well as the Aedes aegypti mosquito\u2019s resistance to insecticides. Despite the high seroprevalence of certain viruses, the possibility of new epidemics cannot be ruled out. Therefore, active epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify potential outbreaks, and an adequate sentinel surveillance system and broad virological diagnostic panel are being developed in FG to improve disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T07:49:23Z","timestamp":1685346563000},"page":"1268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Review on Main Arboviruses Circulating on French Guiana, An Ultra-Peripheric European Region in South America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Timothee","family":"Bonifay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Le Turnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanouk","family":"Epelboin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota of Insect Vectors Group, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisiane","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Cellule Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"De Thoisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-H\u00f4tes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Djossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Duchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antanarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Enfissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lavergne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-H\u00f4tes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Mutricy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Rabier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Talaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7611-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Talarmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Transmission, R\u00e9servoir et Diversit\u00e9 des Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, 97139 Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1473-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Epelboin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musso, D., Rousset, D., and Peyrefitte, C. (2022). Special Issue \u201cEndemic Arboviruses\u201d. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030645"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104916","article-title":"Ecology, Evolution, and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity Does Matter to Tackle New Emerging Threats","volume":"93","author":"Duron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3515-7","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated with Sustained Circulation of Six Zoonotic Arboviruses: A Systematic Review for Selection of Surveillance Sites in Non-Endemic Areas","volume":"12","author":"Esser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2017.06.001","article-title":"Emerging Arboviruses: Why Today?","volume":"4","author":"Gould","year":"2017","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-021-00242-5","article-title":"Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014\u20132015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas","volume":"8","author":"Bonifay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Trop. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2019.04.289","article-title":"Analyse r\u00e9trospective des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies d\u2019arbovirus du XIXe si\u00e8cle: Alors dengue ou chikungunya?","volume":"49","author":"Bonifay","year":"2019","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"147","article-title":"Dengue in French Guiana, 1965\u20131993","volume":"29","author":"Fouque","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull. Pan Am. Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Robin, Y., Lhuillier, M., Girault, G., Pajot, F., and D\u00e9gallier, N. (1980, January 14). Dengue Viruses and Other Arboviruses in French Guiana. Proceedings of the Internacional Simposium on Tropical Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Academia Brasiliera de ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u2019Azou, M., Taurel, A.-F., Flamand, C., and Qu\u00e9nel, P. (2014). Recent Epidemiological Trends of Dengue in the French Territories of the Americas (2000\u20132012): A Systematic Literature Review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003235"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2023, May 16). Sant\u00e9 Publique France Situation Epid\u00e9miologique de la Dengue en Guyane. Point au 9 F\u00e9vrier 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/regions\/guyane\/documents\/bulletin-regional\/2023\/situation-epidemiologique-de-la-dengue-en-guyane.-point-au-9-fevrier-2023."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0280","article-title":"Dengue Infection in Neotropical Forest Mammals","volume":"9","author":"Lacoste","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fritzell, C., Rousset, D., Adde, A., Kazanji, M., Kerkhove, M.D.V., and Flamand, C. (2018). Current Challenges and Implications for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Seroprevalence Studies Worldwide: A Scoping Review. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006533"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailly, S., Rousset, D., Fritzell, C., Hoz\u00e9, N., Ben Achour, S., Berthelot, L., Enfissi, A., Vanhomwegen, J., Salje, H., and Fernandes-Pellerin, S. (2021). Spatial Distribution and Burden of Emerging Arboviruses in French Guiana. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071299"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz323","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz323","article-title":"Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein in Differentiating Acute Leptospirosis and Dengue Fever in French Guiana","volume":"6","author":"Bonifay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open. Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epelboin, L., Boull\u00e9, C., Ouar-Epelboin, S., Hanf, M., Dussart, P., Djossou, F., Nacher, M., and Carme, B. (2013). Discriminating Malaria from Dengue Fever in Endemic Areas: Clinical and Biological Criteria, Prognostic Score and Utility of the C-Reactive Protein: A Retrospective Matched-Pair Study in French Guiana. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002420"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, E.C., Fonseca, V., Xavier, J., Adelino, T., Claro, I.M., Fabri, A., Macario, E.M., Viniski, A.E., Souza, C.L.C., and da Costa, E.S.G. (2021). Short Report: Introduction of Chikungunya Virus ECSA Genotype into the Brazilian Midwest and Its Dispersion through the Americas. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009290"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Melle, A., Cropet, C., Parriault, M.-C., Adriouch, L., Lamaison, H., Sasson, F., Duplan, H., Richard, J.-B., and Nacher, M. (2019). Renouncing Care in French Guiana: The National Health Barometer Survey. BMC Health Serv. Res., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-3895-6"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonifay, T., Prince, C., Neyra, C., Demar, M., Rousset, D., Kallel, H., Nacher, M., Djossou, F., Epelboin, L., and The Char Chik Working Group (2018). Atypical and Severe Manifestations of Chikungunya Virus Infection in French Guiana: A Hospital-Based Study. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207406"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01312-7","article-title":"Arboviral Disease Record Data\u2014Dengue and Chikungunya, Brazil, 2013\u20132020","volume":"9","author":"Teixiera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz396","article-title":"Impact of Zika Virus Emergence in French Guiana: A Large General Population Seroprevalence Survey","volume":"220","author":"Flamand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20720","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.9.20720","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection Complicated by Guillain-Barre Syndrome\u2014Case Report, French Polynesia, December 2013","volume":"19","author":"Oehler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00562-6","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome Outbreak Associated with Zika Virus Infection in French Polynesia: A Case-Control Study","volume":"387","author":"Blake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808246","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection\u2014After the Pandemic","volume":"381","author":"Musso","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4431","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4431","article-title":"Maternal-Fetal Transmission and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women Infected with Zika Virus: Prospective Cohort Study in French Guiana","volume":"363","author":"Pomar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23468-3","article-title":"Association between Confirmed Congenital Zika Infection at Birth and Outcomes up to 3 Years of Life","volume":"12","author":"Hcini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grant, R., Flechelles, O., Elenga, N., Tressi\u00e8res, B., Gaete, S., Hebert, J.-C., Schaub, B., Djossou, F., Mallard, A., and Delver, L. (2022). Consequences of In Utero Zika Virus Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy and Early Childhood Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122755"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-018-0162-y","article-title":"Yellow Fever in Africa and the Americas: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective","volume":"24","author":"Chippaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2017.02.004","article-title":"Yellow Fever Outbreak in Brazil, 2017","volume":"21","author":"Goldani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102192","article-title":"Yellow Fever Reemergence in Venezuela\u2014Implications for International Travelers and Latin American Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"44","author":"Mattar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"99","article-title":"Health recommendations for travellers, 2022 (for health professionals)","volume":"BEH Hors-S\u00e9rie","author":"Matheron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Epidemiol. Hebdo"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flamand, C., Bailly, S., Fritzell, C., Fernandes Pellerin, S., Toure, A., Chateau, N., Saout, M., Linares, S., Dubois, F., and Filleul, L. (2019). Vaccination Coverage in the Context of the Emerging Yellow Fever Threat in French Guiana. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007661"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Garnier, M.A. (1903). La Fievre Jaune \u00e0 La Guyane Avant 1902 et L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de 1902, Octave Doin."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0503.990314","article-title":"First Case of Yellow Fever in French Guiana since 1902","volume":"5","author":"Heraud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800471","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.36.1800471","article-title":"Yellow Fever Cases in French Guiana, Evidence of an Active Circulation in the Guiana Shield, 2017 and 2018","volume":"23","author":"Sanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"mtsi.v2i2.2022.248","article-title":"Risques de R\u00e9\u00e9mergence de La Fi\u00e8vre Jaune Sur Le Plateau Des Guyanes: Une S\u00e9rie de Cas 1990\u20132020 et Une Revue de La Litt\u00e9rature. 5e Journ\u00e9e Des Travaux Scientifiques Des Soignants de Guyane","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Trop. Sante Int."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.12.003","article-title":"Wild Terrestrial Rainforest Mammals as Potential Reservoirs for Flaviviruses (Yellow Fever, Dengue 2 and St Louis Encephalitis Viruses) in French Guiana","volume":"98","author":"Dussart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0359","article-title":"Experimental Transmission of Mayaro Virus by Aedes Aegypti","volume":"85","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150270","article-title":"Mayaro Virus and Dengue Virus 1 and 4 Natural Infection in Culicids from Cuiab\u00e1, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil","volume":"111","author":"Serra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"89","article-title":"Laboratory Studies of a Brazilian Strain of Aedes Albopictus as a Potential Vector of Mayaro and Oropouche Viruses","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diagne, C.T., Bengue, M., Choumet, V., Hamel, R., Pompon, J., and Miss\u00e9, D. (2020). Mayaro Virus Pathogenesis and Transmission Mechanisms. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090738"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.452","article-title":"Mayaro Virus Fever in French Guiana: Isolation, Identification, and Seroprevalence","volume":"59","author":"Talarmin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105243","article-title":"Mayaro Virus Infection in French Guiana, a Cross Sectional Study 2003\u20132019","volume":"99","author":"Mutricy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2023, April 04). Mayaro Virus Disease\u2014French Guiana, France. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/mayaro-virus-disease---french-guiana-france."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"163","article-title":"Mayaro: An Emerging Viral Threat?","volume":"7","author":"Monsalve","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Digoutte, J.P. (1975). Ecologie Des Arbovirus et Leur R\u00f4le Pathog\u00e8ne Chez l\u2019homme En Guyane Fran\u00e7aise, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Fran\u00e7aise. Groupe Institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale U79."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.969","article-title":"Recovery of Tonate Virus (\u201cBijou Bridge\u201d Strain), a Member of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Complex, from Cliff Swallow Nest Bugs (Oeciacus Vicarius) and Nestling Birds in North America","volume":"29","author":"Monath","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2704.202676","article-title":"Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Complex Alphavirus in Bats, French Guiana","volume":"27","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"429","article-title":"R\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude chez la souris du pouvoir protecteur du virus Tonate et de deux souches de virus Cabassou contre la souche neurovirulente everglades du groupe VEE","volume":"127B","author":"Digoutte","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.274","article-title":"Tonate Virus Infection in French Guiana: Clinical Aspects and Seroepidemiologic Study","volume":"64","author":"Talarmin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0156","article-title":"Discriminating Tonate Virus from Dengue Virus Infection: A Matched Case-Control Study in French Guiana, 2003\u20132016","volume":"102","author":"Mutricy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2802.210884","article-title":"Tonate Virus and Fetal Abnormalities, French Guiana, 2019","volume":"28","author":"Lambert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakkas, H., Bozidis, P., Franks, A., and Papadopoulou, C. (2018). Oropouche Fever: A Review. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10040175"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2710.204760","article-title":"Outbreak of Oropouche Virus in French Guiana","volume":"27","author":"Gaillet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh, C.E.S., Robert, M.A., and Christofferson, R.C. (2021). Observational Characterization of the Ecological and Environmental Features Associated with the Presence of Oropouche Virus and the Primary Vector Culicoides Paraenesis: Data Synthesis and Systematic Review. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6030143"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0170","article-title":"Effect of Education on Improving Knowledge and Behavior for Arboviral Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"101","author":"Ballouz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolivet, A., Cadot, E., Florence, S., Lesieur, S., Lebas, J., and Chauvin, P. (2012). Migrant Health in French Guiana: Are Undocumented Immigrants More Vulnerable?. BMC Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-53"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckn137","article-title":"First Description of a Dengue Fever Outbreak in the Interior of French Guiana, February 2006","volume":"19","author":"Meynard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e284","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00120-9","article-title":"The Lancet Microbe Chikungunya in Brazil\u2026 and Beyond?","volume":"4","author":"Microbe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallet, E., Flamand, C., Rousset, D., Bonifay, T., Fritzell, C., Matheus, S., Dueymes, M., Ntab, B., and Nacher, M. (2020). ZIKA Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in French Guiana: More Precarious-More at Risk. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008193"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofx247","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx247","article-title":"Poverty and Arbovirus Outbreaks: When Chikungunya Virus Hits More Precarious Populations Than Dengue Virus in French Guiana","volume":"4","author":"Bonifay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"mtsi.v2i2.2022.248","article-title":"Projet \u00ab WASH \u00bb En Situation d\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de COVID-19\u20145e Journ\u00e9e Des Travaux Scientifiques Des Soignants de Guyane","volume":"2","author":"Oberlis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Trop. Sante Int."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"619","article-title":"Effectiveness of Peridomestic Space Spraying with Insecticide on Dengue Transmission; Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Esu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170398","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170398","article-title":"Successes and Failures of Sixty Years of Vector Control in French Guiana: What Is the next Step?","volume":"113","author":"Epelboin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000300015","article-title":"Multiple Insecticide Resistance in Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Compromises the Effectiveness of Dengue Vector Control in French Guiana","volume":"106","author":"Dusfour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2023, January 27). International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC Monographs Volume 112: Evaluation of Five Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides\u2014IARC. Available online: https:\/\/www.iarc.who.int\/news-events\/iarc-monographs-volume-112-evaluation-of-five-organophosphate-insecticides-and-herbicides\/."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8727-1_24","article-title":"The Use of Wolbachia by the World Mosquito Program to Interrupt Transmission of Aedes Aegypti Transmitted Viruses","volume":"1062","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08347","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08347","article-title":"The Global Distribution of the Arbovirus Vectors Aedes Aegypti and Ae. Albopictus","volume":"4","author":"Kraemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"438","article-title":"First Record of Aedes Albopictus from Trinidad, West Indies","volume":"19","author":"Chadee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4392201802771","article-title":"First Record of Aedes (Stegomyia) Albopictus in the State of Amap\u00e1, Northern Brazil","volume":"49","author":"Saraiva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Amaz."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.15560\/17.3.911","article-title":"Expansion of Aedes (Stegomyia) Albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Northern Brazil: New Records and Distribution in Urban Areas of Macapa City","volume":"17","author":"Muller","year":"2021","journal-title":"CheckList"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Talaga, S. (2016). Ecologie, Diversit\u00e9 et \u00c9volution Des Moustiques (Diptera Culicidae) de Guyane Fran\u00e7aise: Implications Dans l\u2019invasion Biologique Du Moustique Aedes aegypti (L.). [Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 de Guyane]."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[0255:SIARAM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Species Introduction and Replacement Among Mosquitoes: Interspecific Resource Competition or Apparent Competition?","volume":"79","author":"Juliano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.6.785","article-title":"Convergent Habitat Segregation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southeastern Brazil and Florida","volume":"40","author":"Braks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"209","article-title":"Epid\u00e9miologie de deux arbovirus du complexe VEE en Guyane fran\u00e7aise: Donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9liminaires sur les relations virus-vecteurs","volume":"XVI","author":"Digoutte","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cah. ORSTOM S\u00e9r. Entomol. M\u00e9d. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epid\u00e9miologie de Bunyavirus (arbovirus) des groupes C et Guama en Guyane fran\u00e7aise: Donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9liminaires et comparaison avec les virus du complexe V.E.E","volume":"XVII","author":"Digoutte","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cah. ORSTOM S\u00e9r. Entomol. M\u00e9d. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"275","article-title":"Tonate and Guama-Group Viruses Isolated from Mosquitoes in Both a Savannah and Coastal Area in Surinam","volume":"31","author":"Panday","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trop. Geogr. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"(2023, March 10). Current ICTV Taxonomy Release|ICTV. Available online: https:\/\/ictv.global\/taxonomy."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"D\u00e9gallier, N. (1982). Les Arbovirus Selvatiques en Guyane Fran\u00e7aise et Leurs Vecteurs. [Dr. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie]."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"315","article-title":"Isolation of Ilheus virus in french Guyana","volume":"72","author":"Panon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Fil."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"345","article-title":"Dengue virus infection in neotropical forest mammals: Incidental hosts or potential reservoirs?","volume":"69","author":"Lavergne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Trop. (Mars)"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv109","article-title":"Updated Checklist of the Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of French Guiana","volume":"52","author":"Talaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"182","article-title":"The Culex Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of French Guiana: A Comprehensive Review With the Description of Three New Species","volume":"58","author":"Talaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200818","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.44.2200818","article-title":"Autochthonous Dengue in Mainland France, 2022: Geographical Extension and Incidence Increase","volume":"27","author":"Cochet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/6\/1268\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:44:18Z","timestamp":1760125458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/6\/1268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["v15061268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15061268","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]}}}