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From January 2021 to June 2022, 1008 chicken tissue samples were collected from various regions of southern China, and 15 strains of the IBV were isolated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains mainly comprised the QX type, belonging to the same genotype as the currently prevalent LX4 type, and identified four recombination events in the S1 gene, among which lineages GI-13 and GI-19 were most frequently involved in recombination. Further study of seven selected isolates revealed that they caused respiratory symptoms, including coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and tracheal sounds, accompanied by depression. Inoculation of chicken embryos with the seven isolates resulted in symptoms such as curling, weakness, and bleeding. Immunization of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with inactivated isolates produced high antibody levels that neutralized the corresponding strains; however, antibodies produced by vaccine strains were not effective in neutralizing the isolates. No unambiguous association was found between IBV genotypes and serotypes. In summary, a new trend in IBV prevalence has emerged in southern China, and currently available vaccines do not provide protection against the prevalent IBV strains in this region, facilitating the continued spread of IBV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T02:04:21Z","timestamp":1685412261000},"page":"1273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antigenic Characterization of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in the South China during 2021\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlian","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary 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