{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:38:35Z","timestamp":1790908715541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: In households in which feline coronavirus (FCoV) is present, three patterns of FCoV shedding are described: non-shedders, intermittent (low-intensity) shedders, or persistent (high-intensity) shedders. It was the aim of this study to describe FCoV shedding patterns in cats from catteries in which FCoV infection is endemic. Additionally, risk factors for high-intensity FCoV shedding or non-shedding were analyzed. (2) Methods: Four fecal samples of 222 purebred cats from 37 breeding catteries were examined for FCoV RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). High-intensity shedders were defined as cats positive for FCoV RNA in at least 3\/4 fecal samples; non-shedding cats were defined as cats negative in all four fecal samples. Risk factor analysis was performed using information obtained by questionnaire. (3) Results: Of the 222 cats, 125 (56.3%) were considered high-intensity shedders, while 54\/222 cats (24.3%) were FCoV non-shedders. The Persian breed was associated with a higher risk of high-intensity shedding in multivariable analysis, while Birman and Norwegian Forest Cats were more likely to be FCoV non-shedders. Cats living together with other cats were more likely to be FCoV shedders. (4) Conclusions: The proportion of both high-intensity shedders and non-shedding cats was higher than previously reported, which possibly can be explained by housing conditions, different genetic susceptibility, or differences in the study period. The risk of high-intensity shedding is higher in certain breeds. However, it cannot be excluded that the individual hygiene procedure of each breeder influenced FCoV-shedding frequency. A smaller group size is a protective factor against FCoV shedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T03:02:23Z","timestamp":1685415743000},"page":"1279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Patterns of Feline Coronavirus Shedding and Associated Factors in Cats from Breeding Catteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Felten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterin\u00e4rstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Klein-Richers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterin\u00e4rstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Unterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterin\u00e4rstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6928-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury","family":"Zablotski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterin\u00e4rstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Hofmann-Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5256-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterin\u00e4rstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein-Richers, U., Hartmann, K., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Unterer, S., Bergmann, M., Rieger, A., Leutenegger, C., Pantchev, N., Balzer, J., and Felten, S. 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