{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T08:30:07Z","timestamp":1769070607388,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Although fewer children have been affected by the severe form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be the leading global cause of child hospitalizations and deaths. Aim: This study investigated the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well its subtypes (RSV A and B), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus (HRV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus (NL63, OC43, 229E and HKU1), parainfluenza virus subtypes (PI1, PI2 and PI3), bocavirus and influenza A and B viruses (FluA and FluB) in children diagnosed with CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 200 children with clinically confirmed CAP were initially recruited, of whom 107 had negative qPCR results for SARS-CoV-2 and were included in this study. Viral subtypes were identified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction in the nasopharyngeal swab samples. Results: Viruses were identified in 69.2% of the patients. RSV infections were the most frequently identified (65.4%), with type RSV B being the most prevalent (63.5%). In addition, HCoV 229E and HRV were detected in 6.5% and 3.7% of the patients, respectively. RSV type B was associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) and a younger age (less than 24 months). Conclusions: New strategies for preventing and treating viral respiratory infections, particularly RSV infections, are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T01:40:56Z","timestamp":1685583656000},"page":"1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia from a City in the Brazilian Pre-Amazon Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Val\u00e9ria","family":"Fontes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7822-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hivylla","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65020-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilene","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, HU-UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65020-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-2311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aruan\u00e3","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Program in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Maramaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65020-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-9771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1401-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65020-904, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Programme in Tropical Medicine, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65020-904, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Programme in Tropical Medicine, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7121-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014LACEN-MA, Osvaldo Cruz Institute, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65020-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Washington","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Programme in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzany","family":"Soczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Programme in Biotechnology Applied to Child and Adolescent Health, Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR 80250-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7073-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirleide","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Programme in Biotechnology Applied to Child and Adolescent Health, Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR 80250-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Post-Graduate Programme in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, MA 65080-805, 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