{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:29:01Z","timestamp":1790674141536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IMSS (Insituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Most transmission occurs during the acute viremic phase (AVP), before antibody development. To reduce transmission risk, individual donor nucleic acid testing (ID-NAT) is used. In Puebla, Mexico, serological tests and ID-NAT have been applied to screen blood donors and detect individuals in AVP. In the present study, 106,125 blood donors\u2019 data in two periods (2012\u20132015 and 2017\u20132019) were analyzed. The residual risk (RR) values were calculated considering ID-NAT results. The RR for HIV was 14 in 1 million donations or 1 in 71,428, the RR for HVC was 6.8 in 1 million donations or 1 in 147,058 and, for HBV, it was 156 in 1 million donations, or 1 in 6410. Previously, it was predicted that the transmission RR of these viruses would be reduced in Mexico through better screening with NAT. The use of ID-NAT has, indeed, increased the safety of blood reserves for HIV and HCV. However, more research is needed to determine why the residual risk of HBV did not decrease as much over the study period. ID-NAT is an important complementary tool for blood donor screening that should be implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1686101921000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Donated Blood Screening for HIV, HCV and HBV by ID-NAT and the Residual Risk of Iatrogenic Transmission in a Tertiary Care Hospital Blood Bank in Puebla, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Sosa-Jurado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Virolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla 74360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Palencia-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Sangre, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional General de Divisi\u00f3n Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthia","family":"Xicot\u00e9ncatl-Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Virolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla 74360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Bernal-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Sangre, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional General de Divisi\u00f3n Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Montiel-Jarquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza en Salud, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional General de Divisi\u00f3n Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Ibarra-Pichardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Sangre, Hospital Especialidades, Unidad M\u00e9dica de Alta Especialidad, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional General de Divisi\u00f3n Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla 72000, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4605-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora Hilda","family":"Rosas-Murrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla 72570, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalia","family":"Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatr\u00eda, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, MX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8226-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Cortes-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Metadin\u00e1mica y Salud de Poblaciones, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec 74360, MX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Santos-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Virolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla 74360, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00064-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00064-18","article-title":"Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection","volume":"32","author":"Parekh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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