{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:15:25Z","timestamp":1760148925855,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: There is a paucity of data regarding the validity of rapid antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in homeless people worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate a rapid SARS-CoV-2 IgM\/IgG antibody detection kit as a qualitative screen for vaccination in homeless people. (2) Methods: This study included 430 homeless people and 120 facility workers who had received one of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222\/ChAdOx1, or JNJ-78436735\/AD26.COV2.5 vaccines. They were tested for IgM\/IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the STANDARD\u2122 Q COVID-19 IgM\/IgG Plus Test (QNCOV-02C). ELISA\/competitive inhibition ELISA (CI-ELISA) was subsequently run to assess the validity of the serological antibody test. (3) Results: The sensitivity of homeless people was 43.5%. The status of homelessness was related to a lower agreement between serological antibody testing and CI-ELISA (adjusted OR (aOR), 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18\u20130.70). However, the Heterologous boost vaccine presented higher agreement between serological antibody testing and CI-ELISA (adjusted OR (aOR), 6.50; 95% CI, 3.19\u201313.27). (4) Conclusions: This study found weak agreement between the rapid IgG results and confirmatory CI-ELISA testing in homeless people. However, it can be used as a screening test for the acceptance of homeless people with heterologous boost vaccination in facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T01:35:11Z","timestamp":1687311311000},"page":"1400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validity of Rapid Antibody Testing for COVID-19 Vaccine in Homeless People"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se-Min","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health & Welfare, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Myunggok Medical Research Center, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion Division, Guro Public Health Center, Seoul 08299, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Examination Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seobuk Hospital, Seoul 03433, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoomi","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy, Daejeon  34059, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Examination Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seobuk Hospital, Seoul 03433, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3554-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haesook","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul Infectious Disease Research Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 04524, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","article-title":"Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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