{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:04:54Z","timestamp":1792523094846,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally associated with 5% of cancers, including cancers of the cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx. The most carcinogenic HPV is HPV-16, which dominates the types causing cancer. There is also sufficient evidence that HPV types 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 cause cervical cancer. The L1 protein, which, when assembled into virus-like particles, induces HPV-type-specific neutralising antibodies, forms the basis of all commercial HPV vaccines. There are six licensed prophylactic HPV vaccines: three bivalent, two quadrivalent and one nonavalent vaccine. The bivalent vaccines protect from HPV types 16 and 18, which are associated with more than 70% of cervical cancers. Prophylactic vaccination targets children before sexual debut, but there are now catch-up campaigns, which have also been shown to be beneficial in reducing HPV infection and disease. HPV vaccination of adults after treatment for cervical lesions or recurrent respiratory papillomatosis has impacted recurrence. Gender-neutral vaccination will improve herd immunity and prevent infection in men and women. HPV vaccines are immunogenic in people living with HIV, but more research is needed on the long-term impact of vaccination and to determine whether further boosters are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1687830122000},"page":"1440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Recent Developments in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccinology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5467-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Lise","family":"Williamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine\/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre\/Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21731","article-title":"The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002","volume":"118","author":"Parkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"F55-78","article-title":"Papillomavirus infections\u2014A major cause of human cancers","volume":"1288","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.055","article-title":"Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases","volume":"30","author":"Forman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15244","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-related neoplasia of the ocular adnexa","volume":"100","author":"Ramberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33795","article-title":"Worldwide trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, with predictions for the next 15 years","volume":"127","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.02.009","article-title":"Cancer of the cervix: Early detection and cost-effective solutions","volume":"131","author":"Denny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31795-0","article-title":"Interventions to close the divide for women with breast and cervical cancer between low-income and middle-income countries and high-income countries","volume":"389","author":"Denny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25767","article-title":"The epidemiology of the human papillomavirus related to oropharyngeal head and neck cancer","volume":"126","author":"Gooi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2021.04.200588","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"34","author":"Nogues","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Board. Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajendra, K., and Sharma, P. (2022). Viral Pathogens in Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040476"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvr.2021.200231","article-title":"Oesophageal carcinoma: The prevalence of DNA tumour viruses and therapy","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tumour. Virus. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-2-6","article-title":"The relationship between anti-HPV-16 IgG seropositivity and cancer of the cervix, anogenital organs, oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus and prostate in a black South African population","volume":"2","author":"Sitas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34269","article-title":"Global burden of HPV-attributable squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in 2020, according to sex and HIV status: A worldwide analysis","volume":"152","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0317","article-title":"Conserved features in papillomavirus and polyomavirus capsids","volume":"259","author":"Belnap","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.12.6929-6936.1993","article-title":"Efficient self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 and L1-L2 into virus-like particles","volume":"67","author":"Kirnbauer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.4.1936-1944.1993","article-title":"Expression of human papillomavirus type 11 L1 protein in insect cells: In vivo and in vitro assembly of viruslike particles","volume":"67","author":"Rose","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.2.619-625.1994","article-title":"Interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsid proteins with HPV DNA requires an intact L2 N-terminal sequence","volume":"68","author":"Zhou","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.02.002","article-title":"Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments","volume":"401","author":"Bernard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001072","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Papillomaviridae","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.03.033","article-title":"Classification of papillomaviruses","volume":"324","author":"Fauquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2021.03.002","article-title":"Misclassifications in human papillomavirus databases","volume":"558","author":"Eklund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70096-8","article-title":"A review of human carcinogens\u2014Part B: Biological agents","volume":"10","author":"Bouvard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001113","article-title":"Effect of HIV Infection on Human Papillomavirus Types Causing Invasive Cervical Cancer in Africa","volume":"73","author":"Clifford","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600688","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: A meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Clifford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pimenta, J.M., Galindo, C., Jenkins, D., and Taylor, S.M. (2013). Estimate of the global burden of cervical adenocarcinoma and potential impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination. BMC Cancer, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-553"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30653-9","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types from infection to cancer in the anus, according to sex and HIV status: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1346755","article-title":"Expanded strain coverage for a highly successful public health tool: Prophylactic 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28425","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in invasive cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"134","author":"Denny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000422","article-title":"Unique human papillomavirus-type distribution in South African women with invasive cervical cancer and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"25","author":"Dreyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31827bd66b","article-title":"Significant decrease in the incidence of genital warts in young Danish women after implementation of a national human papillomavirus vaccination program","volume":"40","author":"Baandrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.25.11553","article-title":"Systemic immunization with papillomavirus L1 protein completely prevents the development of viral mucosal papillomas","volume":"92","author":"Suzich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0220","article-title":"Virus-like particles of bovine papillomavirus type 4 in prophylactic and therapeutic immunization","volume":"219","author":"Kirnbauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.6.3959-3963.1995","article-title":"Immunization with viruslike particles from cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) can protect against experimental CRPV infection","volume":"69","author":"Breitburd","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70101-7","article-title":"Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial","volume":"6","author":"Villa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061760","article-title":"Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases","volume":"356","author":"Garland","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68439-0","article-title":"Sustained efficacy up to 4.5 years of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: Follow-up from a randomised control trial","volume":"367","author":"Harper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17398-4","article-title":"Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"Harper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60946-5","article-title":"Efficacy of a prophylactic adjuvanted bivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: An interim analysis of a phase III double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Paavonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60777-6","article-title":"Efficacy of a quadrivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions: A combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials","volume":"369","author":"Joura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.06.002","article-title":"An update of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine clinical trial results","volume":"26","author":"Schiller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.10.022","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of two novel human papillomavirus 4- and 9-valent vaccines in Chinese women aged 20-45 years: A randomized, blinded, controlled with Gardasil (type 6\/11\/16\/18), phase III non-inferiority clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.105168","article-title":"Human Papilloma Virus vaccine and prevention of head and neck cancer, what is the current evidence?","volume":"115","author":"Diana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.02.022","article-title":"Sex difference in the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus vaccine: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Aldakak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.04.004","article-title":"HPV vaccines\u2014A review of the first decade","volume":"146","author":"Harper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy545","article-title":"Long-term Antibody Response to Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: Up to 12 Years of Follow-up in the Finnish Maternity Cohort","volume":"219","author":"Artemchuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30873-2","article-title":"Sustainability of neutralising antibodies induced by bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccines and correlation with efficacy: A combined follow-up analysis of data from two randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trials","volume":"21","author":"Mariz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.07.017","article-title":"Evaluation of serological assays to monitor antibody responses to single-dose HPV vaccines","volume":"38","author":"Tsang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhatova, A., Azizan, A., Atageldiyeva, K., Ashimkhanova, A., Marat, A., Iztleuov, Y., Suleimenova, A., Shamkeeva, S., and Aimagambetova, G. (2022). Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: From the Origin to the Current State. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111912"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1071\/SH20033","article-title":"Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination successfully reduces the prevalence of vaccine-targeted genotypes in a young, vaccine-eligible-age sample of Australian females","volume":"17","author":"Subasinghe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex. Health"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633162","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.633162","article-title":"Genotype Distribution Change After Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Two Autonomous Communities in Spain","volume":"11","author":"Benito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1309","article-title":"Long-Term Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Implications for Future Reduction in Cancer","volume":"175","author":"Perkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez-Aguado, J.J., Sanchez Torres, D.A., Martinez Lamela, E., Aguion Galvez, G., Sanz Espinosa, E., Perez Quintanilla, A., Martinez-Carrillo, D.A., Ramirez Mena, M., Coronado Martin, P.J., and Zapardiel, I. (2022). Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness after 12 Years in Madrid (Spain). Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10030387"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00071-2","article-title":"Effect on genital warts in Australian female and heterosexual male individuals after introduction of the national human papillomavirus gender-neutral vaccination programme: An analysis of national sentinel surveillance data from 2004-18","volume":"21","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab171","article-title":"Significant Declines in Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Following Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Introduction in the United States","volume":"73","author":"Meites","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Illah, O., and Olaitan, A. (2023). Updates on HPV Vaccination. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020243"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"WHO (2022). Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper (2022 update). Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 97, 645\u2013672."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2020-001285","article-title":"World Health Organization call for action to eliminate cervical cancer globally","volume":"30","author":"Gultekin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"WHO (2023, June 14). Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Problem. (Electronic Version), Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240014107."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pkab011","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkab011","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus Vaccination After COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Toh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00047-9","article-title":"Efficacy of fewer than three doses of an HPV-16\/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: Combined analysis of data from the Costa Rica Vaccine and PATRICIA Trials","volume":"16","author":"Kreimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0203","article-title":"Durable antibody responses following one dose of the bivalent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial","volume":"6","author":"Safaeian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00453-8","article-title":"Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16\/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: A multicentre, prospective, cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Basu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EVIDoa2100056","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2100056","article-title":"Efficacy of single-dose HPV vaccination among young African women","volume":"1","author":"Barnabas","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evid."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Consortium, S.-D.H.V.E. (2023, May 10). Review of Current Published Evidence on Single Dose HPV Vaccination. Available online: https:\/\/www.path.org\/resources\/review-current-published-evidence-single-dose-hpv-vaccination."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) (2023, May 15). One-Dose Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Offers Solid Protection against Cervical Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/11-04-2022-one-dose-human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-vaccine-offers-solid-protection-against-cervical-cancer."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab985","article-title":"Proportion of Incident Genital Human Papillomavirus Detections not Attributable to Transmission and Potentially Attributable to Latent Infections: Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening","volume":"75","author":"Malagon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-1346","article-title":"Possible Reactivation of Latent Anal Human Papillomavirus Associated with Markers of Immune Dysfunction in Gay and Bisexual Men","volume":"31","author":"Poynten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01791-w","article-title":"The impact of catch-up bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical screening outcomes: An observational study from the English HPV primary screening pilot","volume":"127","author":"Rebolj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.05.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of \u2018catch-up\u2019 human papillomavirus vaccination to prevent cervical neoplasia in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed women","volume":"38","author":"Silverberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0895","article-title":"Impact of a Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program within Organized Cervical Cancer Screening: Cohort Study","volume":"31","author":"Martellucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101872","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of a male catch-up human papillomavirus vaccination program in the Netherlands","volume":"28","author":"Simons","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1852870","article-title":"Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of catch-up 9-valent HPV vaccination of individuals through age 45 years in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Daniels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X211042894","article-title":"Evaluating Risk-Stratified HPV Catch-up Vaccination Strategies: Should We Go beyond Age 26?","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Donato, V., Caruso, G., Bogani, G., Cavallari, E.N., Palaia, G., Perniola, G., Ralli, M., Sorrenti, S., Romeo, U., and Pernazza, A. (2022). HPV Vaccination after Primary Treatment of HPV-Related Disease across Different Organ Sites: A Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020239"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070135","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070135","article-title":"Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"378","author":"Kechagias","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14359","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination in women undergoing excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent risk of recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Eriksen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piab016","article-title":"Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in the United States, Epidemiology and HPV Types-2015-2020","volume":"10","author":"Amiling","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponduri, A., Azmy, M.C., Axler, E., Lin, J., Schwartz, R., Chirila, M., Dikkers, F.G., Yang, C.J., Mehta, V., and Gangar, M. (Laryngoscope, 2023). The Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination as an Adjuvant Therapy in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, Laryngoscope, online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30560"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.1190","article-title":"Outcomes After Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial","volume":"148","author":"Smahelova","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00644-8","article-title":"Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)-Meta-analyses on the use of the HPV vaccine as adjuvant therapy","volume":"8","author":"Goon","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13771","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13771","article-title":"Nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccination as alternative treatment for genital warts","volume":"33","author":"Bossart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.036","article-title":"Impact of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine supply shortage on Tanzania\u2019s national HPV vaccine introduction","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pvr.2020.100195","article-title":"IPVS statement on \u201cTemporary HPV vaccine shortage: Implications globally to achieve equity\u201d","volume":"9","author":"Garland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Papillomavirus Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001659","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.50.2001659","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination in the European Union\/European Economic Area and globally: A moral dilemma","volume":"26","author":"Colzani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euro. Surveill."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067299","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1067299","article-title":"Gender neutral HPV vaccination programs: Reconsidering policies to expand cancer prevention globally","volume":"11","author":"Dykens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, P., Kann, H., Pimenoff, V.N., Eriksson, T., Luostarinen, T., Vanska, S., Surcel, H.M., Faust, H., Dillner, J., and Lehtinen, M. (2021). Human papillomavirus seroprevalence in pregnant women following gender-neutral and girls-only vaccination programs in Finland: A cross-sectional cohort analysis following a cluster randomized trial. PLoS. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003588"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"202","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Unvaccinated Heterosexual Men After a National Female Vaccination Program","volume":"215","author":"Machalek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30186-2","article-title":"Transmission networks and risk of HIV infection in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A community-wide phylogenetic study","volume":"4","author":"Kharsany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuma, K., Simbayi, L., Zungu, N., Moyo, S., Marinda, E., Jooste, S., North, A., Nadol, P., Aynalem, G., and Igumbor, E. (2022). The HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Key Findings from 2017 National Population-Based Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138125"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.02.049","article-title":"Updated estimate of the annual direct medical cost of screening and treatment for human papillomavirus associated disease in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Clay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-022-01453-x","article-title":"Hospital resource utilisation from HPV-related diseases in England: A real-world cost analysis","volume":"24","author":"Fabiano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Econ."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201048","article-title":"Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer","volume":"386","author":"Palefsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kristiansen, S., Bjartling, C., Torbrand, C., Grelaud, D., Lindstrom, M., Svensson, A., and Forslund, O. (2022). Increased prevalence of human papillomavirus in fresh tissue from penile cancers compared to non-malignant penile samples: A case-control study. BMC Cancer, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10324-w"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac044","article-title":"Anal Cancer Screening and Prevention: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infection Guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Barroso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29111","article-title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination of boys for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"121","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1086\/598220","article-title":"Genital human papillomavirus prevalence and human papillomavirus concordance in heterosexual couples are positively associated with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection","volume":"199","author":"Mbulawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051230","article-title":"High-risk human papillomavirus viral load and persistence among heterosexual HIV-negative and HIV-positive men","volume":"90","author":"Grabowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbulawa, Z.Z., Coetzee, D., and Williamson, A.L. (2015). Human papillomavirus prevalence in South African women and men according to age and human immunodeficiency virus status. BMC Infect. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1181-8"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050346","article-title":"Association of genital human papillomavirus infection with HIV acquisition: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Lissouba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/692012","article-title":"High-risk human papillomavirus is associated with HIV acquisition among South African female sex workers","volume":"2011","author":"Auvert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21166","article-title":"Cervical and oral human papillomavirus types in HIV-1 positive and negative women with cervical disease in South Africa","volume":"80","author":"Marais","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castilho, J.L., Levi, J.E., Luz, P.M., Cambou, M.C., Vanni, T., de Andrade, A., Derrico, M., Veloso, V.G., Grinsztejn, B., and Friedman, R.K. (2015). A cross-sectional study of high-risk human papillomavirus clustering and cervical outcomes in HIV-infected women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1486-4"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asangbeh-Kerman, S.L., Davidovic, M., Taghavi, K., Kachingwe, J., Rammipi, K.M., Muzingwani, L., Pascoe, M., Jousse, M., Mulongo, M., and Mwanahamuntu, M. (2022). Cervical cancer prevention in countries with the highest HIV prevalence: A review of policies. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13827-0"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33841","article-title":"Age-specific burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV: A global analysis with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"150","author":"Mpunga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30459-9","article-title":"Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV","volume":"9","author":"Stelzle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1123","article-title":"Residual or Recurrent Precancerous Lesions After Treatment of Cervical Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Treatment Failure","volume":"69","author":"Debeaudrap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deshmukh, A.A., Damgacioglu, H., Georges, D., Sonawane, K., and Clifford, G.M. (2023). Human papillomavirus-associated anal cancer incidence and burden among US men, according to sexual orientation, HIV status, and age. Clin. Infect. Dis., ciad205.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad205"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/7\/1440\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:01:24Z","timestamp":1760126484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/7\/1440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["v15071440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15071440","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]}}}