{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:27:01Z","timestamp":1792121221080,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["SGDX2020110309260100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2020110309260100"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["2023A1515010549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010549"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["ZNSA-2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2021016"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["SGDX2020110309260100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2020110309260100"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["2023A1515010549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010549"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C)","award":["ZNSA-2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2021016"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["SGDX2020110309260100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2020110309260100"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["2023A1515010549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010549"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau","award":["ZNSA-2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2021016"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["SGDX2020110309260100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2020110309260100"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["2023A1515010549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010549"]}]},{"name":"University of Macau","award":["ZNSA-2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2021016"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["SGDX2020110309260100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2020110309260100"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2023A1515010549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010549"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["ZNSA-2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2021016"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT 0092\/2021\/A2"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-QRCM (UM)-2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["SGDX2020110309260100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2020110309260100"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDCT\/0043\/2021\/A1"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2022-00143-FHS"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2023A1515010549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010549"]}]},{"name":"Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["ZNSA-2021016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNSA-2021016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammasome activation is exclusively involved in sensing activation of innate immunity and inflammatory response during viral infection. Accumulating evidence suggests that the manipulation of inflammasome assembly or its interaction with viral proteins are critical factors in viral pathogenesis. Results from pilot clinical trials show encouraging results of NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in reducing mortality and morbidity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In this article, we summarize the up-to-date understanding of inflammasomes, including NLRP3, AIM2, NLRP1, NLRP6, and NLRC4 in various viral infections, with particular focus on RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, IAV, and Zika virus and DNA viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1. We also discuss the current achievement of the mechanisms involved in viral infection-induced inflammatory response, host defense, and possible therapeutic solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:25:21Z","timestamp":1687911921000},"page":"1451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Targeting Inflammasome Activation in Viral Infection: A Therapeutic Solution?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3588-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Han","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Av. Wai Long, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5969-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China"},{"name":"MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"},{"name":"MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China"},{"name":"Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.002","article-title":"The inflammasome: First line of the immune response to cell stress","volume":"126","author":"Ogura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111442","article-title":"Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome as new therapeutic avenue for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01091-0","article-title":"Innate immunity: The first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"23","author":"Diamond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01451-y","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage activates the NLRP10 inflammasome","volume":"24","author":"Prochnicki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00656-2","article-title":"Immune dysregulation and immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses\u2014Are we our own worst enemy?","volume":"22","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo0732","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo0732","article-title":"Differential proinflammatory activities of Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","volume":"8","author":"Tyrkalska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacasse, E., Gudimard, L., Dubuc, I., Gravel, A., Allaeys, I., Boilard, E., and Flamand, L. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2 Contributes to Inflammation by Activating NF-kappaB. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020334"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25015-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 N protein promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to induce hyperinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00916-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 6 triggers NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis by targeting ATP6AP1","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death. Differ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04702-4","article-title":"FcgammaR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation","volume":"606","author":"Junqueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.12.005","article-title":"An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"31","author":"Barnett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0095122","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00951-22","article-title":"Circulatory Exosomes from COVID-19 Patients Trigger NLRP3 Inflammasome in Endothelial Cells","volume":"13","author":"Sur","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.026","article-title":"Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19","volume":"181","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108249","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108249","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid suppresses host pyroptosis by blocking Gasdermin D cleavage","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14150","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114150","article-title":"Long-lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein-mediated inflammasome activation in COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Theobald","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101649","article-title":"Canakinumab in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes\u2014A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Hepprich","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.014","article-title":"Insulin Treatment Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32582","article-title":"Progressive cholestasis and associated sclerosing cholangitis are frequent complications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"76","author":"Hartl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"100305","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on hospitalization outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction in the USA","volume":"32","author":"Markson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. Heart J. Plus"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00389-2","article-title":"Neutralising antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron BA.1 and BA.4\/5 variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab and vedolizumab after three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (CLARITY IBD): An analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104299","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19: Pathogenetic and therapeutic implications","volume":"85","author":"Potere","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005949","article-title":"Inflammasome activation in neutrophils of patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Aymonnier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.041","article-title":"Toll-like Receptors and the Control of Immunity","volume":"180","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.08.017","article-title":"NLRP3 Phosphorylation Is an Essential Priming Event for Inflammasome Activation","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.08.001","article-title":"MAPL SUMOylation of Drp1 Stabilizes an ER\/Mitochondrial Platform Required for Cell Death","volume":"59","author":"Prudent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05321-2","article-title":"SUMO-mediated regulation of NLRP3 modulates inflammasome activity","volume":"9","author":"Barry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13727","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13727","article-title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting proteasomal degradation of NLRP3","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03669-z","article-title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 mediates priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"9","author":"Humphries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00455-9","article-title":"Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages","volume":"31","author":"Wauters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"33","article-title":"Mechanism of inflammasome activation by SARS coronavirus 3a protein: Abridged secondary publication","volume":"27","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2022.01.003","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 viroporin encoded by ORF3a triggers the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway","volume":"568","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8865","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802418R","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC","volume":"33","author":"Siu","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.001","article-title":"KPC1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal processing of NF-kappaB1 p105 to p50 restricts tumor growth","volume":"161","author":"Shomer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402851","article-title":"MAVS Promotes Inflammasome Activation by Targeting ASC for K63-Linked Ubiquitination via the E3 Ligase TRAF3","volume":"194","author":"Guan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, X., Liu, B., Bao, L., Lv, Q., Li, F., Li, H., An, Y., Zhang, X., Cao, B., and Wang, C. (2018). Delayed oseltamivir plus sirolimus treatment attenuates H1N1 virus-induced severe lung injury correlated with repressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cell infiltration. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007428"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103803","article-title":"Specific inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome suppresses immune overactivation and alleviates COVID-19 like pathology in mice","volume":"75","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.05.004","article-title":"Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation","volume":"54","author":"Xian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0669-6","article-title":"FDA-approved disulfiram inhibits pyroptosis by blocking gasdermin D pore formation","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04062-5","article-title":"Gasdermin-D activation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers NET and mediate COVID-19 immunopathology","volume":"26","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01904-w","article-title":"DFV890: A new oral NLRP3 inhibitor-tested in an early phase 2a randomised clinical trial in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and impaired respiratory function","volume":"51","author":"Madurka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0779-1","article-title":"The dynamic changes in cytokine responses in COVID-19: A snapshot of the current state of knowledge","volume":"21","author":"Buszko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050473","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade","volume":"201","author":"Pascual","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03875-8","article-title":"AIM2 forms a complex with pyrin and ZBP1 to drive PANoptosis and host defence","volume":"597","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37470-4","article-title":"Rhinovirus-induced epithelial RIG-I inflammasome suppresses antiviral immunity and promotes inflammation in asthma and COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Radzikowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66522","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66522","article-title":"Ketogenic diet restrains aging-induced exacerbation of coronavirus infection in mice","volume":"10","author":"Ryu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13837-4","article-title":"Sensing of HIV-1 by TLR8 activates human T cells and reverses latency","volume":"11","author":"Meas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105071","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105071","article-title":"CARD8 inflammasome activation triggers pyroptosis in human T cells","volume":"39","author":"Linder","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabe1707","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe1707","article-title":"CARD8 is an inflammasome sensor for HIV-1 protease activity","volume":"371","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0082-y","article-title":"DPP8\/DPP9 inhibitor-induced pyroptosis for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsu, B.V., Agarwal, R., Gokhale, N.S., Kulsuptrakul, J., Ryan, A.P., Fay, E.J., Castro, L.K., Beierschmitt, C., Yap, C., and Turcotte, E.A. (2023). Host-specific sensing of coronaviruses and picornaviruses by the CARD8 inflammasome. PLoS Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002144"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.2c00515","article-title":"A Phenotypic Screen Identifies Potent DPP9 Inhibitors Capable of Killing HIV-1 Infected Cells","volume":"17","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-022-01182-5","article-title":"Chemical inhibition of DPP9 sensitizes the CARD8 inflammasome in HIV-1-infected cells","volume":"19","author":"Clark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138861","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138861","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome induces CD4+ T cell loss in chronically HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dwivedi, A.K., Siegel, D.A., Thanh, C., Hoh, R., Hobbs, K.S., Pan, T., Gibson, E.A., Martin, J., Hecht, F., and Pilcher, C. (2023). Differences in expression of tumor suppressor, innate immune, inflammasome, and potassium\/gap junction channel host genes significantly predict viral reservoir size during treated HIV infection. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.10.523535"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83207","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83207","article-title":"The anti-caspase 1 inhibitor VX-765 reduces immune activation, CD4(+) T cell depletion, viral load, and total HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected humanized mice","volume":"12","author":"Amand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11229","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00727-14","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 6 inhibits influenza A virus release by downregulating the trafficking of viral components to the plasma membrane via its substrate, acetylated microtubules","volume":"88","author":"Husain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau4643","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau4643","article-title":"Influenza restriction factor MxA functions as inflammasome sensor in the respiratory epithelium","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, K.P., and Zhou, Y. (2022). Influenza A Virus Infection Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome through Trans-Golgi Network Dispersion. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010088"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100579","article-title":"DDX3X coordinates host defense against influenza virus by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and type I interferon response","volume":"296","author":"Kesavardhana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011023","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00110-23","article-title":"MLKL-Driven Inflammasome Activation and Caspase-8 Mediate Inflammatory Cell Death in Influenza A Virus Infection","volume":"14","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.040","article-title":"Caspase-6 Is a Key Regulator of Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, and Host Defense","volume":"181","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170550","article-title":"ZBP1\/DAI ubiquitination and sensing of influenza vRNPs activate programmed cell death","volume":"214","author":"Kesavardhana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36323-4","article-title":"Microbiota-derived acetate enhances host antiviral response via NLRP3","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27912","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27912","article-title":"Reassessing the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome during pathogenic influenza A virus infection via temporal inhibition","volume":"6","author":"Tate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14787","article-title":"Repurposing drugs targeting the P2X7 receptor to limit hyperinflammation and disease during influenza virus infection","volume":"176","author":"Rosli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1604338","article-title":"Zika Virus and Birth Defects\u2014Reviewing the Evidence for Causality","volume":"374","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Castro Alves, C.E., de Melo, S.A., de Melo Silva, J., de Oliveira, L.C., Nascimento, V.A.D., Santos, J.H.A., Naveca, F.G., and Pontes, G.S. (2022). Increased Serum Levels of Growth-Differentiation Factor 3 (GDF3) and Inflammasome-Related Markers in Pregnant Women during Acute Zika Virus Infection. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14051004"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, C., Yu, Y., Gao, C., Qi, X., Cardona, C.J., and Xing, Z. (2022). Concomitant pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death triggered in macrophages infected by Zika virus. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257408"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.016","article-title":"A volatile from the skin microbiota of flavivirus-infected hosts promotes mosquito attractiveness","volume":"185","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22022-5","article-title":"Significance of elevated serum and hepatic NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in hepatitis C virus-related liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Aggan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S.R., Li, Z.Q., Xu, J., Ding, M.Y., Shan, Y.M., Cheng, Y.C., Zhang, G.X., Sun, Y.W., Wang, Y.Q., and Wang, Y. (2023). Celastrol attenuates hepatitis C virus translation and inflammatory response in mice by suppressing heat shock protein 90beta. Acta Pharmacol. Sin.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01067-w"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Yang, R., Yang, F., Han, Y., Ren, Y., Xiong, X., Wang, X., Bi, Y., Li, L., and Qiu, Y. (2022). Echovirus 11 infection induces pyroptotic cell death by facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS Pathog., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010787"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0212721","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02127-21","article-title":"PRRSV Infection Induces Gasdermin D-Driven Pyroptosis of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"96","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Castro-Jorge, L.A., de Carvalho, R.V.H., Klein, T.M., Hiroki, C.H., Lopes, A.H., Guimaraes, R.M., Fumagalli, M.J., Floriano, V.G., Agostinho, M.R., and Slhessarenko, R.D. (2019). The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved with the pathogenesis of Mayaro virus. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007934"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1700058","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection mainly induced by viral RNA and non-structural protein 2B","volume":"17","author":"Zhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.105","article-title":"SFTSV Infection Induces BAK\/BAX-Dependent Mitochondrial DNA Release to Trigger NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwanmanee, S., Ghimire, S., Edwards, J., and Griffin, D.E. (2023). Infection of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages by Wild Type and Vaccine Strains of Measles Virus: NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Independent of Virus Production. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020260"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0030922","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00309-22","article-title":"Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus N Protein Is a Critical Proinflammation Factor That Promotes MyD88 and NLRP3 Complex Assembly","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32114","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection activates NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome antagonizing interferon response but therapeutically targetable","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2304445120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304445120","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection remodels the mature tRNAome in macrophages to orchestrate NLRP3 inflammasome response","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moles, R., Sarkis, S., Galli, V., Omsland, M., Artesi, M., Bissa, M., McKinnon, K., Brown, S., Hahaut, V., and Washington-Parks, R. (2022). NK cells and monocytes modulate primary HTLV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010416"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0173721","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01737-21","article-title":"Herpesviruses and Inflammasomes: One Sensor Does Not Fit All","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Hu, D., Wu, C., Feng, Y., Li, A., Liu, W., Wang, Y., Chen, K., Tian, M., and Xiao, F. (2020). STING promotes NLRP3 localization in ER and facilitates NLRP3 deubiquitination to activate the inflammasome upon HSV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008335"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838808","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.838808","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Induces Microglia Gasdermin D-Dependent Pyroptosis Through Activating the NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes, C.K., Wilcox, D.R., Yang, Y., Coleman, G.K., Brown, M.A., and Longnecker, R. (2021). ASC-dependent inflammasomes contribute to immunopathology and mortality in herpes simplex encephalitis. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009285"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919133117","article-title":"A promiscuous inflammasome sparks replication of a common tumor virus","volume":"117","author":"Burton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.12.014","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus 1 VP22 Inhibits AIM2-Dependent Inflammasome Activation to Enable Efficient Viral Replication","volume":"23","author":"Maruzuru","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host. Microbe."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01355-3","article-title":"Distinct changes in endosomal composition promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.10.021","article-title":"IKKbeta primes inflammasome formation by recruiting NLRP3 to the trans-Golgi network","volume":"55","author":"Schmacke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Chen, K., Zhao, F., Xuan, L., Wang, Y., Xu, C., Wu, Z., Wang, D., and Qu, C. (2022). Occult infection with hepatitis B virus PreS variants synergistically promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development in a high-fat diet context by generating abnormal ceramides. BMC Med., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02481-3"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122722","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01227-22","article-title":"Deletion of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) H240R Gene Attenuates the Virulence of ASFV by Enhancing NLRP3-Mediated Inflammatory Responses","volume":"97","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185021","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01850-21","article-title":"Adenovirus-alpha-Defensin Complexes Induce NLRP3-Associated Maturation of Human Phagocytes via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Engagement","volume":"96","author":"Eichholz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545839","article-title":"AIM2 inflammasome in infection, cancer, and autoimmunity: Role in DNA sensing, inflammation, and innate immunity","volume":"46","author":"Man","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0000323","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00003-23","article-title":"Pseudorabies Virus Infection Activates the TLR-NF-kappaB Axis and AIM2 Inflammasome to Enhance Inflammatory Responses in Mice","volume":"97","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103339","article-title":"Epigenome-wide association study of COVID-19 severity with respiratory failure","volume":"66","author":"Davalos","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04664-5","article-title":"STING agonist diABZI induces PANoptosis and DNA mediated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","volume":"13","author":"Culerier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death. Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","article-title":"The inflammasome: A molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta","volume":"10","author":"Martinon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd0811","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0811","article-title":"Human NLRP1 is a sensor for double-stranded RNA","volume":"371","author":"Bauernfried","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.04.033","article-title":"Human NLRP1 is a sensor of pathogenic coronavirus 3CL proteases in lung epithelial cells","volume":"82","author":"Planes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199478","article-title":"Discovery of a viral NLR homolog that inhibits the inflammasome","volume":"331","author":"Gregory","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13293","article-title":"The NLRP6 inflammasome","volume":"162","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3145","article-title":"Nlrp6 regulates intestinal antiviral innate immunity","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.032","article-title":"Phase separation drives RNA virus-induced activation of the NLRP6 inflammasome","volume":"184","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0761-3","article-title":"PtdIns4P on dispersed trans-Golgi network mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"564","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22967","article-title":"Nlrp9b inflammasome restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"546","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.04.079","article-title":"Inhibition of NLRP9b attenuates acute lung injury through suppressing inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in murine and cell models","volume":"503","author":"Yanling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124937","article-title":"Dendritic cell NLRC4 regulates influenza A virus-specific CD4 T cell responses through FasL expression","volume":"129","author":"Hornick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triantafilou, K., Ward, C.J.K., Czubala, M., Ferris, R.G., Koppe, E., Haffner, C., Piguet, V., Patel, V.K., Amrine-Madsen, H., and Modis, L.K. (2021). Differential recognition of HIV-stimulated IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion through NLR and NAIP signalling in monocyte-derived macrophages. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009417"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256999","article-title":"Viral infection. Prevention and cure of rotavirus infection via TLR5\/NLRC4-mediated production of IL-22 and IL-18","volume":"346","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd2876","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abd2876","article-title":"IL-22-induced cell extrusion and IL-18-induced cell death prevent and cure rotavirus infection","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo5400","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo5400","article-title":"Identification of immunomodulatory drugs that inhibit multiple inflammasomes and impair SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"8","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2018.06.008","article-title":"Control of Inflammasome Activation by Phosphorylation","volume":"43","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends. Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo6294","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abo6294","article-title":"ZBP1-dependent inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and cytokine storm disrupt IFN therapeutic efficacy during coronavirus infection","volume":"7","author":"Karki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.025","article-title":"Synergism of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock Syndromes","volume":"184","author":"Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.05.005","article-title":"NLRP12-PANoptosome activates PANoptosis and pathology in response to heme and PAMPs","volume":"186","author":"Sundaram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.02.013","article-title":"NLRP12 Regulates Anti-viral RIG-I Activation via Interaction with TRIM25","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host. Microbe."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.04.025","article-title":"A 360 degrees view of the inflammasome: Mechanisms of activation, cell death, and diseases","volume":"186","author":"Barnett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700999","article-title":"Nlrp12 Mediates Adverse Neutrophil Recruitment during Influenza Virus Infection","volume":"200","author":"Hornick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9818","article-title":"Succination inactivates gasdermin D and blocks pyroptosis","volume":"369","author":"Humphries","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pathania, Y.S. (2021). Dimethyl fumarate for COVID-19. BMJ Support. Palliat. Care.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-003250"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11575-8","article-title":"A prospective study of cellular immune response to booster COVID-19 vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients treated with a broad spectrum of disease-modifying therapies","volume":"270","author":"Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03231-w","article-title":"AIM2 in regulatory T cells restrains autoimmune diseases","volume":"591","author":"Chou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2011226118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011226118","article-title":"NAD+ supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease via cGAS-STING","volume":"118","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00437-0","article-title":"Aberrant NAD(+) metabolism underlies Zika virus-induced microcephaly","volume":"3","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.036","article-title":"Bat ASC2 suppresses inflammasomes and ameliorates inflammatory diseases","volume":"186","author":"Ahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/7\/1451\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:01:56Z","timestamp":1760126516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/7\/1451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["v15071451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15071451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]}}}