{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:00:37Z","timestamp":1784120437209,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NPHO","award":["874735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874735"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["874735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874735"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 2010, the West Nile virus (WNV) has been established in Greece. We describe the epidemiology of diagnosed human WNV infections in Greece with a focus on the 2022 season. During the transmission period, clinicians were sending samples from suspected cases for testing. Active laboratory-based surveillance was performed with immediate notification of diagnosed cases. We collected clinical information and interviewed patients on a timely basis to identify their place of exposure. Besides serological and molecular diagnostic methods, next-generation sequencing was also performed. In 2022, 286 cases of WNV infection were diagnosed, including 278 symptomatic cases and 184 (64%) cases with neuroinvasive disease (WNND); 33 patients died. This was the third most intense season concerning the number of WNND cases, following 2018 and 2010. Most (96%) cases were recorded in two regions, in northern and central Greece. The virus strain was a variant of previous years, clustering into the Central European subclade of WNV lineage 2. The 2022 WNV season was quite intense in Greece. The prompt diagnosis and investigation of cases are considered pivotal for the timely response, while the availability of whole genome sequences enables studies on the molecular epidemiology of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:51:06Z","timestamp":1688086266000},"page":"1481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The 2022 West Nile Virus Season in Greece; A Quite Intense Season"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Danai","family":"Pervanidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Organization (EODY), 151 23 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysovaladou Niki","family":"Kefaloudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Organization (EODY), 151 23 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5635-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Vakali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Organization (EODY), 151 23 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ourania","family":"Tsakalidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrsini","family":"Karatheodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Tsioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Evangelidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0065-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kassiani","family":"Mellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Organization (EODY), 151 23 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Styliani","family":"Pappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Stoikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Bakaloudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Blood Center, AHEPA University General Hospital, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Koliopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Stamoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic National Blood Transfusion Center, 136 72 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Patsoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantina","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Organization (EODY), 151 23 Athens, 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