{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:48:17Z","timestamp":1777337297707,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT scholarship","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN214121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT IN214121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a role in the processing of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1\u03b2). The secretion of IL-1\u03b2 in bovine macrophages infected with the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) cytopathic strain NADL (NADLcp-BVDV) is caspase 1-dependent. In the present study, we found that in macrophages infected with NADL, the NLRP3 inflammasome participated in the maturation of IL-1\u03b2 as the level decreased from 4629.3 pg\/mL to 897.0 pg\/mL after treatment with cytokine release inhibitory drug 3 (CRID3). Furthermore, NLRP3 activation has implications regarding viral replication, as there was a decrease in the viral titer until 1 log of a supernatant of macrophages that were inhibited with CRID3 remained. In the case of the non-cytopathic BVDV strain NY-1 (NY-1 ncpBVDV), IL-1\u03b2 secretion is not affected by NLRP3, but could be related to the IFI16 inflammasome; we found a colocalization of IFI16 with ASC using confocal microscopy in infected macrophages with the NY-1 ncp-BVDV biotype. To relate IFI16 activation to IL-1\u03b2 release, we used ODN TTAGGG (A151), a competitive inhibitor of IFI16; the results show a decrease in its level from 248 pg\/mL to 128.3 pg\/mL. Additionally, we evaluated the caspase 1 activation downstream of IFI16 and found a decrease in the IL-1\u03b2 from 252.9 pg\/mL to 63.5 pg\/mL when caspase 1 was inhibited with Y-VAD. Our results provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the viral replication, inflammation and pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:34:08Z","timestamp":1688344448000},"page":"1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["NLRP3 Inflammasome Involved with Viral Replication in Cytopathic NADL BVDV Infection and IFI16 Inflammasome Connected with IL-1\u03b2 Release in Non-Cytopathic NY-1 BVDV Infection in Bovine Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gallegos-Rodarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Escobar-Chavarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslava","family":"Cantera-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Elena","family":"Sarmiento-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Benitez-Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"946","article-title":"The Evolution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea: A Review","volume":"43","author":"Goens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. 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