{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:48:07Z","timestamp":1784335687736,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund\u2014ESF)","award":["MIS-5000432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS-5000432"]}]},{"name":"Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund\u2014ESF)","award":["2018-050-0502-14473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-050-0502-14473"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003447","name":"State Scholarships Foundation (\u0399\u039a\u03a5)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIS-5000432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS-5000432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003447","name":"State Scholarships Foundation (\u0399\u039a\u03a5)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-050-0502-14473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-050-0502-14473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) derangement has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies on EG integrity among people living with HIV (PLWH), are lacking. We conducted a prospective cohort study among treatment-na\u00efve PLWH who received emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide, combined with either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI, dolutegravir, raltegravir or elvitegravir\/cobicistat), or a protease inhibitor (PI, darunavir\/cobicistat). We assessed EG at baseline, 24 (\u00b14) and 48 (\u00b14) weeks, by measuring the perfused boundary region (PBR, inversely proportional to EG thickness), in sublingual microvessels. In total, 66 consecutive PLWH (60 (90.9%) males) with a median age (interquartile range, IQR) of 37 (12) years, were enrolled. In total, 40(60.6%) received INSTI-based regimens. The mean (standard deviation) PBR decreased significantly from 2.17 (0.29) \u03bcm at baseline to 2.04 (0.26) \u03bcm (p = 0.019), and then to 1.93 (0.3) \u03bcm (p &lt; 0.0001) at 24 (\u00b14) and 48 (\u00b14) weeks, respectively. PBR did not differ among treatment groups. PLWH on INSTIs had a significant PBR reduction at 48 (\u00b14) weeks. Smokers and PLWH with low levels of viremia experienced the greatest PBR reduction. This study is the first to report the benefit of antiretroviral treatment on EG improvement in treatment-na\u00efve PLWH and depicts a potential bedside biomarker and therapeutic target for CVD in PLWH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1688603670000},"page":"1505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Endothelial Glycocalyx Integrity in Treatment-Na\u00efve People Living with HIV before and One Year after Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi C.","family":"Fragkou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Benas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Kavatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos D.","family":"Moschopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Protopapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1732-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavriella","family":"Kostelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-5350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Thymis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysia","family":"Mpirmpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6455-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Galani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tsakona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysanthi","family":"Oikonomopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Theocharous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis G.","family":"Gorgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8630-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisis","family":"Gallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18536 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0463-4321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Tsiodras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Antoniadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Triantafyllidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, April 27). 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