{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:06:46Z","timestamp":1790831206414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACYT Convocatoria de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica B\u00e1sica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CONACYT-A1-S-38080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-A1-S-38080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years of age and older adults worldwide. During hRSV infection, host cells undergo changes in endomembrane organelles, including mitochondria. This organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell and plays an important role in the antiviral response. The present study focuses on characterizing the ultrastructural and functional changes during hRSV infection using thin-section transmission electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. Here we report that hRSV infection alters mitochondrial morphodynamics by regulating the expression of key genes in the antiviral response process, such as Mfn1, VDAC2, and PINK1. Our results suggest that hRSV alters mitochondrial morphology during infection, producing a mitochondrial phenotype with shortened cristae, swollen matrix, and damaged membrane. We also observed that hRSV infection modulates the expression of the aforementioned genes, possibly as an evasion mechanism in the face of cellular antiviral response. Taken together, these results advance our knowledge of the ultrastructural alterations associated with hRSV infection and might guide future therapeutic efforts to develop effective antiviral drugs for hRSV treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1688949937000},"page":"1518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ultrastructural and Functional Characterization of Mitochondrial Dynamics Induced by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in HEp-2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2053-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Lara-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Resolution Microscopy Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7284-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Bernal-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Genomic Medicine Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4840-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Noyola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Wong-Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2368-1529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreu","family":"Comas-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7733-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Comas-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Resolution Microscopy Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Science Department, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Molecular and Translation Medicine Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"baaa062","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baaa062","article-title":"NCBI Taxonomy: A comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools","volume":"2020","author":"Schoch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: A systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5625","article-title":"The G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses of subgroups A and B: Extensive sequence divergence between antigenically related proteins","volume":"84","author":"Johnson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. 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