{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:37:39Z","timestamp":1788187059738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Environment Facility (GEF)","award":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh"]}]},{"name":"Global Environment Facility (GEF)","award":["41017-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41017-2023"]}]},{"name":"One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis","award":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research X Ctr 1 Ghosh"]}]},{"name":"One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis","award":["41017-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41017-2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, 31 samples (12 fecal, 9 nasal and 10 rectal swabs) from 28\/92 (30.43%, 10 captive and 18 free-roaming African green monkeys (AGMs, Chlorocebus sabaeus)) apparently healthy AGMs in the Caribbean Island of St. Kitts tested positive for adenoviruses (AdVs) by DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol)-, or hexon-based screening PCR assays. Based on analysis of partial deduced amino acid sequences of Pol- and hexon- of nine AGM AdVs, at least two AdV genetic variants (group-I: seven AdVs with a Simian mastadenovirus-F (SAdV-F)\/SAdV-18-like Pol and hexon, and group-II: two AdVs with a SAdV-F\/SAdV-18-like Pol and a Human mastadenovirus-F (HAdV-F)\/HAdV-40-like hexon) were identified, which was corroborated by analysis of the nearly complete putative Pol, complete hexon, and partial penton base sequences of a representative group-I (strain KNA-08975), and -II (KNA-S6) AdV. SAdV-F-like AdVs were reported for the first time in free-roaming non-human primates (NHPs) and after ~six decades from captive NHPs. Molecular characterization of KNA-S6 (and the other group-II AdV) indicated possible recombination and cross-species transmission events involving SAdV-F-like and HAdV-F-like viruses, corroborating the hypothesis that the evolutionary pathways of HAdVs and SAdVs are intermingled, complicated by recombination and inter-species transmission events, especially between related AdV species, such as HAdV-F and SAdV-F. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of AdVs in AGMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:57:30Z","timestamp":1690160250000},"page":"1605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Diana M.","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9259-6005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerry","family":"Gainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry M.","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"National Coordinator, CABI\/GEF\/UNEP Regional Project\u2014\u2018Preventing the COSTS of Invasive Alien Species in Barbados and OECS Countries\u2019 in St. Kitts, Ministry of Environment, Climate Action and Constituency Development, Basseterre 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa A.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalina","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Beierschmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"Behavioral Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Basseterre P.O. Box 428, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yashpal S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana 141012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7581-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvik","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"001721","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Adenoviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Aoki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Bamford, D.H., and Zuckerman, M. (2021). Encyclopedia of Virology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13687","article-title":"Adenoviruses across the animal kingdom: A walk in the zoo","volume":"593","author":"Harrach","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Machlachlan, J., and Dubovi, E. (2016). Fenner\u2019s Veterinary Virology, Academic Press. 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