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It has been suggested that MDV suppresses the induction of type I interferons and thus escapes immune control. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), a gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyses cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), is an interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) known to exert antiviral activities. Other oxysterols, such as 27-hydroxycholesterols (27-HC), have also been shown to exert antiviral activities, and 27-HC is synthesised by the catalysis of cholesterol via the cytochrome P450 enzyme oxidase sterol 27-hydroxylase A1 (CYP27A1). At 24 h post infection (hpi), MDV stimulated a type I interferon (IFN-\u03b1) response, which was significantly reduced at 48 and 72 hpi, as detected using the luciferase assay for chicken type I IFNs. Then, using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that chicken type I IFN (IFN-\u03b1) upregulates chicken CH25H and CYP27A1 genes in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. In parallel, our results demonstrate a moderate and transient upregulation of CH25H at 48 hpi and CYP27A1 at 72hpi in MDV-infected CEF cells. A significant reduction in MDV titer and plaque sizes was observed in CEFs treated with 25-HC or 27-HC in vitro, as demonstrated using a standard plaque assay for MDV. Taken together, our results suggest that 25-HC and 27-HC may be useful antiviral agents to control MDV replication and spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1690766926000},"page":"1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Inhibition of Marek\u2019s Disease Virus Replication and Spread by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Kamble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8635-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishwanatha R. A. P.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal R.","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chidiebere C.","family":"Ubachukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahriar","family":"Behboudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0404-3","article-title":"Marek\u2019s disease in chickens: A review with focus on immunology","volume":"47","author":"Boodhoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. 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