{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:03:51Z","timestamp":1776405831521,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"8 CTB ISS Sanit\u00e0 SARS CoV-2","award":["5 000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 000"]}]},{"name":"POR CAMPANIA FESR 2014\u20132020","award":["5 000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the standard of care for the prevention of COVID-19 disease. Although vaccination triggers both humoral and cellular immune response, COVID-19 vaccination efficacy is currently evaluated by measuring antibodies only, whereas adaptative cellular immunity is unexplored. Our aim is to test humoral and cell-mediated response after three doses of BNT162b vaccine in two cohorts of fragile patients: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTR) patients compared to healthy donors. We enrolled 10 healthy controls (HCs), 19 CVID patients and 17 KTR patients. HC BNT162b third dose had successfully mounted humoral immune response. A positive correlation between Anti-Spike Trimeric IgG concentration and neutralizing antibody titer was also observed. CVID and KTR groups showed a lower humoral immune response compared to HCs. IFN-\u03b3 release induced by epitopes of the Spike protein in stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was similar among vaccinated HC, CVID and KTR. Patients vaccinated and infected showed a more efficient humoral and cell-mediated response compared to only vaccinated patients. In conclusion, CVID and KTR patients had an efficient cell-mediated but not humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting that the evaluation of T cell responses could be a more sensitive marker of immunization in these subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1690766926000},"page":"1659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["BNT162b2 Elicited an Efficient Cell-Mediated Response against SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-9031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelina","family":"La Civita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7991-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Zannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"UOC of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Brusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Nephrology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0684-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Nephrology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Salemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Nephrology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Carrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Nephrology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Department of Laboratory and Trasfusion Medicine, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Punziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Lagnese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Spadaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3321-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Franci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScholaMedicaSalernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84125 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"UOC of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4296-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Terracciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8276-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Portella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Loffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15941","article-title":"COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: Initial report from the US epicenter","volume":"20","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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