{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:20:34Z","timestamp":1792182034990,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RESPIRE-2015-8416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RESPIRE-2015-8416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI46592-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI46592-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RESPIRE-2015-8416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RESPIRE-2015-8416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI46592-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI46592-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The immune system offers several mechanisms of response to harmful microbes that invade the human body. As a first line of defense, neutrophils can remove pathogens by phagocytosis, inactivate them by the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or immobilize them by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although recent studies have shown that bacteriophages (phages) make up a large portion of human microbiomes and are currently being explored as antibacterial therapeutics, neutrophilic responses to phages are still elusive. Here, we show that exposure of isolated human resting neutrophils to a high concentration of the Pseudomonas phage PAK_P1 led to a 2-fold increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. Importantly, phage exposure did not induce neutrophil apoptosis or necrosis and did not further affect activation marker expression, oxidative burst, and NETs formation. Similarly, inflammatory stimuli-activated neutrophil effector responses were unaffected by phage exposure. Our work suggests that phages are unlikely to inadvertently cause excessive neutrophil responses that could damage tissues and worsen disease. Because IL-8 functions as a chemoattractant, directing immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, phage-stimulated IL-8 production may modulate some host immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:20:14Z","timestamp":1692008414000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Human Neutrophil Response to Pseudomonas Bacteriophage PAK_P1, a Therapeutic Candidate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2069-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwayne R.","family":"Roach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR-996, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chollet-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR-996, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"},{"name":"APHP, Service Auto-Immunit\u00e9 et Hypersensibilit\u00e9s, HUPNVS, H\u00f4pital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"de Jode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR-996, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"},{"name":"APHP, Service Auto-Immunit\u00e9 et Hypersensibilit\u00e9s, HUPNVS, H\u00f4pital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6875-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Debarbieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"de Chaisemartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR-996, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France"},{"name":"APHP, Service Auto-Immunit\u00e9 et Hypersensibilit\u00e9s, HUPNVS, H\u00f4pital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","article-title":"Neutrophil Recruitment and Function in Health and Inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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