{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:16:16Z","timestamp":1791648976344,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005627","name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014510","name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022434","name":"Welbio","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018985","name":"Walloon Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018985","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}]},{"name":"Consortium des \u00c9quipements de Calcul Intensif","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2022\/64"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSR-SS-2023\/49"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["PDR T.0241.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR T.0241.19"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO-CR-2022 A-14 12"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["2010052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010052"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["MC_UU_12014\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/3"]}]},{"name":"F.R.S.-FNRS","award":["2.5020.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.5020.11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a virus that causes mass mortality in economically important Carassius spp. However, there have been no comprehensive studies into host susceptibility or permissivity with respect to developmental stage, and the major portal of viral entry into the host is still unclear. To help bridge these knowledge gaps, we developed the first ever recombinant strain of CyHV-2 expressing bioluminescent and fluorescent reporter genes. Infection of Carassius auratus hosts with this recombinant by immersion facilitated the exploitation of various in vivo imaging techniques to establish the spatiotemporal aspects of CyHV-2 replication at larval, juvenile, and adult developmental stages. While less susceptible than later developmental stages, larvae were most permissive to CyHV-2 replication, leading to rapid systemic infection and high mortality. Permissivity to CyHV-2 decreased with advancing development, with adults being the least permissive and, thus, also exhibiting the least mortality. Across all developmental stages, the skin was the most susceptible and permissive organ to infection at the earliest sampling points post-infection, indicating that it represents the major portal of entry into these hosts. Collectively these findings provide important fundamental insights into CyHV-2 pathogenesis and epidemiology in Carassius auratus with high relevance to other related economically important virus-host models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:06:16Z","timestamp":1692097576000},"page":"1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of Carassius auratus to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8694-6995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Streiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Deketelaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6968-0302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Pirotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7665-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natacha","family":"Delrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen","family":"Donohoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone N37 HD68, Co. Westmeath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain F. C.","family":"Vanderplasschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvy076","article-title":"Goldfish: An Old and New Model System to Study Vertebrate Development, Evolution and Human Disease","volume":"165","author":"Omori","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29775","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005545117","article-title":"The Evolutionary Origin and Domestication History of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2022.111244","article-title":"Goldfish and Crucian Carp Are Natural Models of Anoxia Tolerance in the Retina","volume":"270","author":"Country","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-021-01402-9","article-title":"The Goldfish Carassius Auratus: An Emerging Animal Model for Comparative Cardiac Research","volume":"192","author":"Filice","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-017-9700-2","article-title":"Goldfish, Carassius Auratus, as an Infection Model for Studying the Pathogenesis of Edwardsiella Piscicida","volume":"41","author":"Choe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)58079-4","article-title":"Goldfish as an Animal Model System for Mycobacterial Infection","volume":"358","author":"Ruley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2938-2942.1998","article-title":"Goldfish, Carassius Auratus, a Novel Animal Model for the Study of Mycobacterium Marinum Pathogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Talaat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24340","article-title":"Postembryonic Staging of Wild-Type Goldfish, with Brief Reference to Skeletal Systems","volume":"244","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.15","article-title":"Embryonic and Postembryonic Development of the Ornamental Twin-Tail Goldfish","volume":"248","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"FAO (2023, July 01). FAO Fisheries Division\u2014Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/static\/Yearbook\/YB2019_USBcard\/navigation\/index_intro_e.htm."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12342","article-title":"Potential Drivers of Virulence Evolution in Aquaculture","volume":"9","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.3390\/v3112160","article-title":"Herpesviruses That Infect Fish","volume":"3","author":"Hanson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2023, July 01). World Bank Reducing Disease Risk in Aquaculture. (In English)."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00296.x","article-title":"Herpesviral Haematopoietic Necrosis of Goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.)","volume":"18","author":"Jung","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879801000415","article-title":"A Viral Epizootic in Cultured Populations of Juvenile Goldfish Due to a Putative Herpesvirus Etiology","volume":"10","author":"Groff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.34.209","article-title":"Epizootic of Herpes-like Virus Infection in Goldfish, Carassius Auratus in Taiwan","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2004.tb12650.x","article-title":"Haematopoietic Necrosis in a Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Associated with an Agent Morphologically Similar to Herpesvirus","volume":"82","author":"Stephens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2007.00847.x","article-title":"Isolation of a Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 from Goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), in the UK","volume":"30","author":"Jeffery","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.05.004","article-title":"Detection of Goldfish Haematopoietic Necrosis Herpes Virus (Cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with Multi-Drug Resistant Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection in Goldfish: First Evidence of Any Viral Disease Outbreak in Ornamental Freshwater Aquaculture Farms in India","volume":"161","author":"Sahoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815614974","article-title":"Herpesviral Hematopoietic Necrosis in Goldfish in Switzerland: Early Lesions in Clinically Normal Goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"53","author":"Giovannini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12734","article-title":"CyHV-2 Transmission in Traded Goldfish Stocks in Germany\u2014A Case Study","volume":"41","author":"Adamek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12400","article-title":"First Detection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) in France","volume":"39","author":"Boitard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03157","article-title":"Importation of CyHV-2-Infected Goldfish into The Netherlands","volume":"126","author":"Ito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"94","article-title":"First Detection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) Followed by Screening and Monitoring Studies in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Turkey","volume":"38","author":"Kalayci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.01.065","article-title":"Detection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in Symptomatic Ornamental Types of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Asymptomatic Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Reared in Warm-Water Cage Culture","volume":"504","author":"Panicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"174","article-title":"Introduction of the Family Alloherpesviridae: The First Molecular Detection of Herpesviruses of Cyprinid Fish in Hungary","volume":"133","author":"Doszpoly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magy. Allatorvosok Lapja"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"164","article-title":"Mass Mortality Caused by Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) in China","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02535","article-title":"Massive Mortality of Prussian Carp Carassius Gibelio in the Upper Elbe Basin Associated with Herpesviral Hematopoietic Necrosis (CyHV-2)","volume":"102","author":"Kalous","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12048","article-title":"Detection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 in Association with an Aeromonas Sobria Infection of Carassius carassius (L.), in Italy","volume":"36","author":"Fichi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12499","article-title":"Cyprinid Herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2): A Comprehensive Review","volume":"13","author":"Thangaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2017.04.003","article-title":"Natural and Artificial Polyploids in Aquaculture","volume":"2","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquac. Fish."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pathogenicity and Biological Characteristics of CyHV-2","volume":"35","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12996","article-title":"Persistence of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 in Asymptomatic Goldfish Carassius Auratus (L.). That Survived an Experimental Infection","volume":"42","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.020","article-title":"Reactivation of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in Asymptomatic Surviving Goldfish Carassius auratus (L.) under Immunosuppression","volume":"103","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2008.00988.x","article-title":"Herpesviral Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (CyHV-2) Infection: Case Studies from Commercial Goldfish Farms","volume":"32","author":"Goodwin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.108460","article-title":"Evaluation of Protective Effects of Heat-Inactivated Cyprinid Herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) Vaccine against Herpesviral Hematopoietic Necrosis Disease (HVHND) in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"132","author":"Dharmaratnam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02885","article-title":"In Vitro Characteristics of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2: Effect of Kidney Extract Supplementation on Growth","volume":"115","author":"Shibata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.07.044","article-title":"Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal New Insights into the Regulation of Immune Pathways during Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 Infection in Vitro","volume":"106","author":"Fei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boutier, M., Ronsmans, M., Ouyang, P., Fournier, G., Reschner, A., Rakus, K., Wilkie, G.S., Farnir, F., Bayrou, C., and Lieffrig, F. (2015). Rational Development of an Attenuated Recombinant Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Vaccine Using Prokaryotic Mutagenesis and In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging. PLOS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004690"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Broeke, J., Perez, J.M.M., and Pascau, J. (2015). Image Processing with ImageJ\u2014Second Edition, Packt Publishing. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-014-0100-0","article-title":"Sensitivity and Permissivity of Cyprinus Carpio to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 during the Early Stages of Its Development: Importance of the Epidermal Mucus as an Innate Immune Barrier","volume":"45","author":"Ronsmans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02305-08","article-title":"The Major Portal of Entry of Koi Herpesvirus in Cyprinus Carpio Is the Skin","volume":"83","author":"Costes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100035","article-title":"Optical Sectioning Deep Inside Live Embryos by Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy","volume":"305","author":"Huisken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.082586","article-title":"Multilayer Mounting Enables Long-Term Imaging of Zebrafish Development in a Light Sheet Microscope","volume":"139","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streiff, C., He, B., Morvan, L., Zhang, H., Delrez, N., Fourrier, M., Manfroid, I., Su\u00e1rez, N.M., Betoulle, S., and Davison, A.J. (2023). Susceptibility and Permissivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae to Cypriniviruses. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030768"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bercovier, H., Fishman, Y., Nahary, R., Sinai, S., Zlotkin, A., Eyngor, M., Gilad, O., Eldar, A., and Hedrick, R.P. (2005). Cloning of the Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) Gene Encoding Thymidine Kinase and Its Use for a Highly Sensitive PCR Based Diagnosis. BMC Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-5-13"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.01.010","article-title":"Conserved Fever Pathways across Vertebrates: A Herpesvirus Expressed Decoy TNF-\u03b1 Receptor Delays Behavioral Fever in Fish","volume":"21","author":"Rakus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vead003","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vead003","article-title":"Virus-Induced Interference as a Means for Accelerating Fitness-Based Selection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Single Nucleotide Variants In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac761","article-title":"A Fish Herpesvirus Highlights Functional Diversities among Z\u03b1 Domains Related to Phase Separation Induction and A-to-Z Conversion","volume":"51","author":"Diallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donohoe, O., Zhang, H., Delrez, N., Gao, Y., Su\u00e1rez, N.M., Davison, A.J., and Vanderplasschen, A. (2021). Genomes of Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 Strains Reveal Evolutionary Disparities and Low Genetic Diversity in the Genus Cyprinivirus. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050998"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02023","article-title":"Phylogenetic Relationships in the Family Alloherpesviridae","volume":"84","author":"Waltzek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02627","article-title":"Growth of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in Cell Culture and Experimental Infection of Goldfish Carassius Auratus","volume":"105","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994471","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.994471","article-title":"Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Growth, Reproduction, Disease Resistance and Stress Responses in Aquaculture","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, P.K., and Parhi, J. (2021). Epigenetics: Perspectives and Potential in Aquaculture. Advances in Fisheries Biotechnology, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-3215-0"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00847","article-title":"Differences in DNA Methylation Between Disease-Resistant and Disease-Susceptible Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) Families","volume":"10","author":"Xiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.08.006","article-title":"DNA Methylation of CiRIG-I Gene Notably Relates to the Resistance against GCRV and Negatively-Regulates MRNA Expression in Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon Idella","volume":"221","author":"Shang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2003.08.007","article-title":"Wound Management in Teleost Fish: Biology of the Healing Process, Evaluation, and Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Fontenot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reverter, M., Tapissier-Bontemps, N., Lecchini, D., Banaigs, B., and Sasal, P. (2018). Biological and Ecological Roles of External Fish Mucus: A Review. Fishes, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes3040041"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"72","article-title":"Epidermal Mucus, a Major Determinant in Fish Health: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Dash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01209-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01209-17","article-title":"Proteomic and Functional Analyses of the Virion Transmembrane Proteome of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3","volume":"91","author":"Vancsok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03206-12","article-title":"Comparative Genomics of Carp Herpesviruses","volume":"87","author":"Davison","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4194\/1303-2712-v19_8_02","article-title":"Host Range and Vertical Transmission of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1577\/H04-048.1","article-title":"Evaluation of Channel Catfish Virus Latency on Fingerling Production Farms in Mississippi","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Anim. Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kibenge, F.S.B., and Godoy, M.G. (2016). Alloherpesviruses of Fish. Aquaculture Virology, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801573-5.00019-X"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/v15112205","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000}}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/8\/1746\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T14:14:56Z","timestamp":1754230496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/8\/1746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["v15081746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15081746","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/v15112205","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]}}}