{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:43:00Z","timestamp":1789062180410,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province","award":["202102AE090039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AE090039"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province","award":["202304BI090001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304BI090001"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-211"]}]},{"name":"Project of Innovation Guide and S&amp;T Enterprise Cultivation of Yunnan Province","award":["202102AE090039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AE090039"]}]},{"name":"Project of Innovation Guide and S&amp;T Enterprise Cultivation of Yunnan Province","award":["202304BI090001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304BI090001"]}]},{"name":"Project of Innovation Guide and S&amp;T Enterprise Cultivation of Yunnan Province","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-211"]}]},{"name":"Ten Thousand Talent for Youth Top-notch Talents of Yunnan Province","award":["202102AE090039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AE090039"]}]},{"name":"Ten Thousand Talent for Youth Top-notch Talents of Yunnan Province","award":["202304BI090001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304BI090001"]}]},{"name":"Ten Thousand Talent for Youth Top-notch Talents of Yunnan Province","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterovirus G (EV-G) is prevalent in pig populations worldwide, and a total of 20 genotypes (G1 to G20) have been confirmed. Recently, recombinant EV-Gs carrying the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of porcine torovirus have been isolated or detected, while their pathogenicity is poorly understood. In this study, an EV-G17-PLCP strain, \u2018EV-G\/YN23\/2022\u2019, was isolated from the feces of pigs with diarrhea, and the virus replicated robustly in numerous cell lines. The isolate showed the highest complete genome nucleotide (87.5%) and polyprotein amino acid (96.6%) identity in relation to the G17 strain \u2018IShi-Ya4\u2019 (LC549655), and a possible recombination event was detected at the 708 and 3383 positions in the EV-G\/YN23\/2022 genome. EV-G\/YN23\/2022 was nonlethal to piglets, but mild diarrhea, transient fever, typical skin lesions, and weight gain deceleration were observed. The virus replicated efficiently in multiple organs, and the pathological lesions were mainly located in the small intestine. All the challenged piglets showed seroconversion for EV-G\/YN23\/2022 at 6 to 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), and the neutralization antibody peaked at 15 dpi. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IFN-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b2, and ISG-15 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were significantly up-regulated during viral infection. This is the first documentation of the isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of the EV-G17-PLCP strain in China. The results may advance our understanding of the evolution characteristics and pathogenesis of EV-G-PLCP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:06:16Z","timestamp":1692097576000},"page":"1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["First Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of an EV-G17 Strain Carrying a Torovirus Papain-like Cysteine Protease (PLCP) Gene in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1654-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhan-Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo-Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anbalagan, S., Hesse, R.A., and Hause, B.M. 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