{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:20:21Z","timestamp":1791994821492,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"research on technological innovation of prevention and control of genetic diseases","award":["G2022027013L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022027013L"]}]},{"name":"research on technological innovation of prevention and control of genetic diseases","award":["CARS-41-G13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G13"]}]},{"name":"research on technological innovation of prevention and control of genetic diseases","award":["2020-620-000-002-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-620-000-002-04"]}]},{"name":"research on technological innovation of prevention and control of genetic diseases","award":["2020-620-000-002-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-620-000-002-01"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["G2022027013L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022027013L"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-41-G13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G13"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2020-620-000-002-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-620-000-002-04"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2020-620-000-002-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-620-000-002-01"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Major Science and Technology Research and Development Project","award":["G2022027013L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022027013L"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Major Science and Technology Research and Development Project","award":["CARS-41-G13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G13"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Major Science and Technology Research and Development Project","award":["2020-620-000-002-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-620-000-002-04"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Major Science and Technology Research and Development Project","award":["2020-620-000-002-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-620-000-002-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian leukosis (AL), caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), is a contagious tumor disease that results in significant economic losses for the poultry industry. Currently, ALV-A, B, J, and K subgroups are the most common in commercial poultry and cause possible coinfections. Therefore, close monitoring is necessary to avoid greater economic losses. In this study, a novel multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to detect ALV-A, ALV-B, ALV-J, and ALV-K with limits of detection of 40, 11, 13.7, and 96 copies\/\u00b5L, respectively, and no cross-reactivity with other ALV subtypes and avian pathogens. We detected 852 cell cultures inoculated with clinical samples using this method, showing good consistency with conventional PCR and ELISA. The most prevalent ALV strain in Hubei Province, China, was still ALV-J (11.74%). Although single infections with ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-K were not found, coinfections with different subgroup strains were identified: 0.7% for ALV-A\/J, 0.35% for ALV-B\/J, 0.25% for ALV-J\/K, and 0.12% for ALV-A\/B\/K and ALV-A\/B\/J. Therefore, our novel multiplex qPCR may be a useful tool for molecular epidemiology, clinical detection of ALV, and ALV eradication programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T08:01:21Z","timestamp":1692777681000},"page":"1789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Rapid Differential Detection of Subgroups A, B, J, and K Avian Leukosis Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7240-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabin","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinguo","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special One, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430064, China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.646237","article-title":"The long view: 40 years of avian leukosis research","volume":"41","author":"Payne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13440","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of the re-emerged avian leukosis virus in China, 2018\u20132019","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. 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