{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:31:41Z","timestamp":1767853901653,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["304971\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304971\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["311055\/2019-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311055\/2019-2"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["431941\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431941\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["2019\/25119-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/25119-7"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["304971\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304971\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["311055\/2019-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311055\/2019-2"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["431941\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431941\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["2019\/25119-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/25119-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is associated with an increased risk of microcephaly in affected children. This study investigated the peripheral dysregulation of immune mediators in children with microcephaly due to CZS. Gene expression quantified by qPCR in whole blood samples showed an increase in IFN\u03b3 and IL-13 transcripts in children affected with microcephaly compared to the control group. The microcephaly group exhibited significantly decreased CCL2 and CXCL8 levels in serum, quantified by CBA assay. An allergic profile questionnaire revealed a high prevalence of allergies in the microcephaly group. In accordance, elevated serum IgE level measured by the Proquantum Immunoassay was observed in children affected with microcephaly compared to the control group. Altogether, these findings show a persistent systemic inflammation in children with microcephaly due to CZS and suggest a possible impairment in leukocyte migration caused by low production of CCL2 and CXCL8, in addition to high levels of IgE associated with high prevalence of allergies. The dysregulation of inflammatory genes and chemokines underscores the importance of understanding the immunological characteristics of CZS. Further investigation into the long-term consequences of systemic inflammation in these children is crucial for developing appropriate therapeutic strategies and tailored vaccination protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:48:15Z","timestamp":1693388895000},"page":"1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low CCL2 and CXCL8 Production and High Prevalence of Allergies in Children with Microcephaly Due to Congenital Zika Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wallace Pitanga","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8643-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Costa Ayres","family":"Salmeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7861-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Cl\u00e1udia Calvielli Castelo","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of S\u00e3o Paulo, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingryd Camara","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-190, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Soraya","family":"de Farias Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Renata Lima","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janeusa Trindade","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9lio Maria Galv\u00e3o","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-190, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Marcos da Matta","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7911-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Notomi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of S\u00e3o Paulo, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela Sales Lima","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, 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