{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:43:35Z","timestamp":1790455415613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project HORIZON EUROPE SEEDS ID S17 \u201cTutela della libert\u00e0 e contrasto delle pandemie","award":["DM 737\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 737\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Project HORIZON EUROPE SEEDS ID S17 \u201cTutela della libert\u00e0 e contrasto delle pandemie","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]},{"name":"Project HORIZON EUROPE SEEDS ID S17 \u201cTutela della libert\u00e0 e contrasto delle pandemie","award":["2017M8R7N9_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9_004"]}]},{"name":"Project HORIZON EUROPE SEEDS ID S17 \u201cTutela della libert\u00e0 e contrasto delle pandemie","award":["2020KSY3KL_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KSY3KL_005"]}]},{"name":"Scienza e diritto per la definizione delle strategie per il contenimento delle situazioni di contagio\u201d\u2014NextgenerationEU Programma MUR\u2014Fondo promozione e sviluppo","award":["DM 737\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 737\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Scienza e diritto per la definizione delle strategie per il contenimento delle situazioni di contagio\u201d\u2014NextgenerationEU Programma MUR\u2014Fondo promozione e sviluppo","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]},{"name":"Scienza e diritto per la definizione delle strategie per il contenimento delle situazioni di contagio\u201d\u2014NextgenerationEU Programma MUR\u2014Fondo promozione e sviluppo","award":["2017M8R7N9_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9_004"]}]},{"name":"Scienza e diritto per la definizione delle strategie per il contenimento delle situazioni di contagio\u201d\u2014NextgenerationEU Programma MUR\u2014Fondo promozione e sviluppo","award":["2020KSY3KL_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KSY3KL_005"]}]},{"name":"BY-COVID Project funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme","award":["DM 737\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 737\/2021"]}]},{"name":"BY-COVID Project funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]},{"name":"BY-COVID Project funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme","award":["2017M8R7N9_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9_004"]}]},{"name":"BY-COVID Project funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme","award":["2020KSY3KL_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KSY3KL_005"]}]},{"name":"PRIN (Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale)","award":["DM 737\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 737\/2021"]}]},{"name":"PRIN (Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale)","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]},{"name":"PRIN (Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale)","award":["2017M8R7N9_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9_004"]}]},{"name":"PRIN (Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale)","award":["2020KSY3KL_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KSY3KL_005"]}]},{"name":"MUR, Italy","award":["DM 737\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 737\/2021"]}]},{"name":"MUR, Italy","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]},{"name":"MUR, Italy","award":["2017M8R7N9_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M8R7N9_004"]}]},{"name":"MUR, Italy","award":["2020KSY3KL_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KSY3KL_005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibacterial resistance is a renewed public health plague in modern times, and the COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled this problem. Changes in antibiotic prescribing behavior, misinformation, financial hardship, environmental impact, and governance gaps have generally enhanced the misuse and improper access to antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic. These determinants, intersected with antibacterial resistance in the current pandemic, may amplify the potential for a future antibacterial resistance pandemic. The occurrence of infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), difficult-to-treat drug-resistant (DTR), carbapenem-resistant (CR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria is still increasing. The aim of this review is to highlight the state of the art of antibacterial resistance worldwide, focusing on the most important pathogens, namely Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and their resistance to the most common antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:48:15Z","timestamp":1693388895000},"page":"1843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens and COVID-19: The Pandemic beyond the Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Catalano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5179-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Iacopetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ceramella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Giuzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2949-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camillo","family":"Rosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Saturnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stefania","family":"Sinicropi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Aquaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32063-8","article-title":"Confronting antimicrobial resistance beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 US election","volume":"396","author":"Strathdee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, June 20). Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/193736."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022\u20132026): Working Together for the Health of Humans, Animals, Plants and the Environment."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00751-4","article-title":"A new One Health Joint Action Plan","volume":"22","author":"Jesudason","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-022-00278-1","article-title":"Tackling AMR from a multidisciplinary perspective: A primer from education and psychology","volume":"26","author":"Carrilero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-023-00524-w","article-title":"The global antimicrobial resistance response effort must not exclude marginalised populations","volume":"51","author":"Adebisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J. (2023, March 14). Review on Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Nations. Available online: https:\/\/amr-review.org\/sites\/default\/files\/AMR%20Review%20Paper%20-%20Tackling%20a%20crisis%20for%20the%20health%20and%20wealth%20of%20nations_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations (2023, March 14). Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Available online: https:\/\/amrreview.org\/sites\/default\/files\/160525_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/2666796701999200617154655","article-title":"COVID-19: Could irisin become the handyman myokine of the 21st century","volume":"1","author":"Catalano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coronaviruses"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64139","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64139","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19: Intersections and implications","volume":"10","author":"Knight","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toro-Alzate, L., Hofstraat, K., and de Vries, D.H. (2021). The pandemic beyond the pandemic: A Scoping review on the social relationships between COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168766"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102304","article-title":"The silent pandemic: Emergent antibacterial resistances following the global response to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"24","author":"Mahoney","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.021","article-title":"A parallel and silent emerging pandemic: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amid COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"62","article-title":"Civil society engagement in the fight against AMR: From the new National Plan in Italy to the AMR patient alliance at the European level","volume":"1","author":"Votta","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Med. Images"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa194","article-title":"COVID-19 and the potential long-term impact on antimicrobial resistance","volume":"75","author":"Rawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.268573","article-title":"Tackling antimicrobial resistance in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"98","author":"Getahun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001886","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.45.2001886","article-title":"Will coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have an impact on antimicrobial resistance?","volume":"25","author":"Monnet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO736","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2021-0012","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic: A threat to antimicrobial resistance containment","volume":"7","author":"Founou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Futur. Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlab038","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab038","article-title":"The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global antimicrobial and biocide resistance: An AMR Insights global perspective","volume":"3","author":"Ansari","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.018","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing in patients with COVID-19: Rapid review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Langford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v20i5.55412","article-title":"COVID-19 impact on the understanding of infection prevention and control measures","volume":"20","author":"Sartelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.019","article-title":"Antimicrobial use fell substantially in Japan in 2020\u2014The COVID-19 pandemic may have played a role","volume":"119","author":"Ono","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacopetta, D., Ceramella, J., Catalano, A., Saturnino, C., Pellegrino, M., Mariconda, A., Longo, P., Sinicropi, M.S., and Aquaro, S. (2022). COVID-19 at a glance: An up-to-date overview on variants, drug design and therapies. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030573"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sulayyim, H.J.A., Ismail, R., Hamid, A.A., and Ghafar, N.A. (2022). Antibacterial resistance during COVID-19: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911931"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceramella, J., Iacopetta, D., Sinicropi, M.S., Andreu, I., Mariconda, A., Saturnino, C., Giuzio, F., Longo, P., Aquaro, S., and Catalano, A. (2022). Drugs for COVID-19: An update. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238562"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1177\/13634593211046832","article-title":"The immune self, hygiene and performative virtue in general public narratives on antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"27","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banik, G.R., Durayb, B., King, C., and Rashid, H. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance following prolonged use of hand hygiene products: A systematic review. Pharmacy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10010009"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinicropi, M.S., Iacopetta, D., Ceramella, J., Catalano, A., Mariconda, A., Pellegrino, M., Saturnino, C., Longo, P., and Aquaro, S. (2022). Triclosan: A small molecule with controversial roles. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11060735"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacopetta, D., Catalano, A., Ceramella, J., Saturnino, C., Salvagno, L., Ielo, I., Drommi, D., Scali, E., Plutino, M.R., and Rosace, G. (2021). The different facets of triclocarban: A review. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092811"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150873","article-title":"COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance: A cross-study","volume":"807","author":"Rizvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03571-z","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: How common and what is the impact?","volume":"25","author":"Wicky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30003-7","article-title":"The Lancet infectious diseases commission on antimicrobial resistance: 6 years later","volume":"20","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walia, K., Mendelson, M., Kang, G., Venkatasubramanian, R., Sinha, R., Vijay, S., Balaji Veeraraghavan, B., Basnyat, B., Rodrigues, C., and Bansal, N. (2023). How can lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic enhance antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship?. Lancet Infect. Dis., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00124-X"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4169","article-title":"Managing COVID-19 in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"323","author":"Hopman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.003","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: A challenge awaiting the post-COVID-19 era","volume":"111","author":"Lobie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.10.018","article-title":"The interrelationships between antimicrobial resistance, COVID-19, past, and future pandemics","volume":"14","author":"Ukuhor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13265","article-title":"Parents\u2019 awareness of antimicrobial resistance: A qualitative study utilising the health belief model in Perth, Western Australia","volume":"46","author":"Alejandro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Austral. New Zeal. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2184346","article-title":"Polymyxin combination therapy for multidrug-resistant, extensively-drug resistant, and difficult-to-treat drug-resistant Gram-negative infections: Is it superior to polymyxin monotherapy?","volume":"21","author":"Ardebili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catalano, A., Iacopetta, D., Ceramella, J., Scumaci, D., Giuzio, F., Saturnino, C., Aquaro, S., Rosano, C., and Sinicropi, M.S. (2022). Multidrug resistance (MDR): A widespread phenomenon in pharmacological therapies. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030616"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quraini, M.A., Jabri, Z.A., Sami, H., Mahindroo, J., Taneja, N., Muharrmi, Z.A., Busaidi, I.A., and Rizvi, M. (2023). Exploring synergistic combinations in extended and pan-drug resistant (XDR and PDR) whole genome sequenced Acinetobacter Baumannii. Microorg., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061409"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550","article-title":"The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats","volume":"543","author":"Willyard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901872","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901872","article-title":"Considerations and caveats in combating ESKAPE pathogens against nosocomial infections","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00539","article-title":"Emerging strategies to combat ESKAPE pathogens in the era of antimicrobial resistance: A review","volume":"10","author":"Mulani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancuso, G., Midiri, A., Gerace, E., and Biondo, C. (2021). Bacterial antibacterial resistance: The most critical pathogens. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101310"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loyola-Cruz, M.\u00c1., Gonzalez-Avila, L.U., Mart\u00ednez-Trejo, A., Salda\u00f1a-Padilla, A., Hern\u00e1ndez-Cortez, C., Bello-L\u00f3pez, J.M., and Castro-Escarpulli, G. (2023). ESKAPE and beyond: The burden of coinfections in the COVID-19 pandemic. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050743"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.12.006","article-title":"Antibacterial resistance associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Langford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-022-00788-z","article-title":"Les mis\u00e9rables: A parallel between antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19 in underdeveloped and developing countries","volume":"24","author":"Gontijo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023, August 23). Antibacterial Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (2019 AR Threats Report), Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/biggest-threats.html."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00020","article-title":"Wars and pandemics: AMR accelerators of the 21st century?","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magnano San Lio, R., Favara, G., Maugeri, A., Barchitta, M., and Agodi, A. (2023). How antimicrobial resistance is linked to climate change: An overview of two intertwined global challenges. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031681"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1803","article-title":"Difficult-to-treat resistance in Gram-negative bacteremia at 173 US hospitals: Retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and outcome of resistance to all first-line agents","volume":"67","author":"Kadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19044","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.47.19044-en","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Coque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"24555","article-title":"Overview of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from a Nordic perspective","volume":"4","author":"Brolund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106528","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales infections: Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab295","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the treatment of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa)","volume":"72","author":"Tamma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: The WHO Priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.025","article-title":"European Society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by ESICM-European Society of intensive care Medicine)","volume":"28","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36252-2","article-title":"Cross-protection and cross-feeding between Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii promotes their co-existence","volume":"14","author":"Semenec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30648-0","article-title":"Public health burden of antimicrobial resistance in Europe","volume":"19","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13545","article-title":"Clonal dispersion of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit designed to patients COVID-19","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01888-19","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01888-19","article-title":"Enterobacteriaceae? Enterobacterales? What should we call enteric gram-negative bacilli? A micro-comic strip","volume":"58","author":"McAdam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"392","article-title":"Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae; versatile bacterial pathogens confronting antibiotic treatment","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X.-Z., Elkins, C.A., and Zgurskaya, H.I. (2016). Efflux-Mediated Drug Resistance in Bacteria: Mechanisms, Regulation and Clinical Implications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39658-3"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rangel, K., Chagas, T.P.G., and De-Simone, S.G. (2021). Acinetobacter baumannii infections in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10081006"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.95.5.1520-1541.1968","article-title":"A study of the Moraxella group. II. Oxidative-negative species (genus Acinetobacter)","volume":"95","author":"Baumann","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.58600\/eurjther-28-4-0071","article-title":"Investigation of antibiotic resistance profiles and carbapenemase resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples","volume":"28","author":"Karabay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancuso, G., De Gaetano, S., Midiri, A., Zummo, S., and Biondo, C. (2023). The Challenge of overcoming antibiotic resistance in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: \u201cAttack on Titan\u201d. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0676.v1"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.9.826","article-title":"Bacteriology of war wounds at the time of injury","volume":"171","author":"Murray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200850","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.1.2200850","article-title":"Molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Ukrainian patients, Germany, March to June 2022","volume":"28","author":"Schultze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro. Surveill."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.11.008","article-title":"Acinetobacter\u00a0baumannii","volume":"30","author":"Whiteway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nocera, F.P., and De Martino, L. (2023). Editorial on the research topic of the Special Issue \u201cCurrent Status of Acinetobacter infections\u201d. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020219"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, P.G., Hagen, R.M., Podbielski, A., Frickmann, H., and Warnke, P. (2020). Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from war-injured patients from the Eastern Ukraine. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090579"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serapide, F., Quirino, A., Scaglione, V., Morrone, H.L., Longhini, F., Bruni, A., Garofalo, E., Matera, G., Marascio, N., and Scarlata, G.G.M. (2022). Is the pendulum of antimicrobial drug resistance swinging back after COVID-19?. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10050957"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.144","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant bacteria in an intensive care unit during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A multicenter before-and-after cross-sectional study","volume":"43","author":"Pascale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01643-4","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit","volume":"50","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.08.020","article-title":"Evaluation of carriage and environmental contamination by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"22","author":"Nutman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1086\/651312","article-title":"Control of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Australia after introduction of environmental cleaning with a commercial oxidizing disinfectant","volume":"31","author":"Doidge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6948e1","article-title":"Increase in hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection and colonization in an acute care hospital during a surge in COVID-19 admissions\u2014New Jersey, February\u2013July 2020","volume":"69","author":"Perez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb. Mort. Weekly Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104364","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.03075","article-title":"COLR\u00a0Acinetobacter baumannii sRNA signatures: Computational comparative identification and biological targets","volume":"10","author":"Cafiso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700062603","article-title":"Habitat association of Klebsiella species","volume":"6","author":"Bagley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1086\/675598","article-title":"Frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing and non-KPC-producing Klebsiella species contamination of healthcare workers and the environment","volume":"35","author":"Rock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01880516","article-title":"Uber die scizomyceten bei der acuten fibrosen pneumonie","volume":"87","author":"Friedlander","year":"1882","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. Klin. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.6.2529-2535.1992","article-title":"Mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to complement-mediated killing","volume":"60","author":"Merino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00078-15","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: Going on the offense with a strong defense","volume":"80","author":"Paczosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00004","article-title":"Colonization, infection, and the accessory genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589","article-title":"Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: Epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors","volume":"11","author":"Podschun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.48","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"9","author":"Yuling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0639-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Egyptian intensive care units using National Healthcare\u2013associated Infections Surveillance Data, 2011\u20132017","volume":"9","author":"Kotb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u0119drzycka-D\u0105browska, W., Lange, S., Zorena, K., D\u0105browski, S., Ozga, D., and Tomaszek, L. (2021). Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in ICU COVID-19 patients\u2014A scoping review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102067"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.03.018","article-title":"Bacterial coinfections in Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"29","author":"Westblade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.204662","article-title":"COVID-19 and fatal sepsis caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, Japan, 2020","volume":"27","author":"Hosoda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1401","article-title":"A multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a Peruvian hospital: Another threat from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Rabaan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miftode, I.L., Leca, D., Miftode, R.S., Ro\u015fu, F., Plesca, C., Loghin, I., Timpau, A.S., Mitu, I., Mitituc, T., and Dorneanu, O. (2023). The clash of the titans: COVID-19, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, and first mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in humans in Romania. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020324"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750662","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.750662","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology, risk factors, and control strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00001-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-19","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"32","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1317412","article-title":"Hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity: Two different but complementary Klebsiella spp. phenotypes?","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2029295","article-title":"Hypervirulent, multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae\u2013Emergence of a superbug of concern for eye care providers","volume":"30","author":"Cunningham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocular Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70205-0","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: A new invasive syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Siu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13007","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae\u2013clinical and molecular perspectives","volume":"287","author":"Choby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40310.x","article-title":"Pyogenic liver abscess with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen: An emerging disease with unique clinical characteristics","volume":"100","author":"Lederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"e00630","article-title":"Mapping the evolution of hypervirulent Kleb","volume":"6","author":"Struve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pneumoniae Mbio."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shankar, C., Veeraraghavan, B., Nabarro, L.E.B., Ravi, R., Ragupathi, N.K.D., and Rupali, P. (2018). Whole genome analysis of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from community and hospital acquired bloodstream infection. BMC Microbiol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1148-6"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1809322","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae is emerging as an increasingly prevalent K. pneumoniae pathotype responsible for nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections in Beijing, China","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000788","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, a 5-year study in a French ICU","volume":"67","author":"Rafat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000653","article-title":"Virulence genes in isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the UK during 2016, including among carbapenemase gene-positive hypervirulent K1-ST23 and \u2018non-hypervirulent\u2019 types ST147, ST15 and ST383","volume":"67","author":"Turton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12827","article-title":"Rising trends of endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis in Australia","volume":"45","author":"Odouard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.09.030","article-title":"Peculiar purulence: Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae causing pyomyositis","volume":"65","author":"Mgbemena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001169","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1001169","article-title":"Clinical and genomic characterization of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) infections via passive surveillance in Southern California, 2020\u20132022","volume":"13","author":"Kamau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.020","article-title":"A global perspective on the convergence of hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"25","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13573","article-title":"An unequivocal superbug: PDR Klebsiella pneumoniae with an arsenal of resistance and virulence factor genes","volume":"15","author":"Sleiman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13018","article-title":"The rise of hyper-virulence","volume":"287","author":"Aschtgen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_113","unstructured":"Antibacterial Resistance Threats in the United States (2020, October 10). Centers for Disease Control, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/threats-report\/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_114","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, January 10). Global Priority List of Antibacterial Resistance Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery, and Development of New Antibiotics, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/publications\/WHO-PPL-Short_Summary_25Feb-ET_NM_WHO.pdf."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00401.x","article-title":"Emerging carbapenemases in Gram-negative aerobes","volume":"8","author":"Nordmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000608","article-title":"Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections globally","volume":"32","author":"Brink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066617725694","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of high loading dose of colistin in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Katip","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00310-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00310-16","article-title":"Global assessment of the activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens between 2004 and 2014 as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial","volume":"2","author":"Giammanco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novovi\u0107, K., and Jov\u010di\u0107, B. (2023). Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030516"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki248","article-title":"Tigecycline","volume":"56","author":"Pankey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantzana, P., Protonotariou, E., Kassomenaki, A., Meletis, G., Tychala, A., Keskilidou, E., Arhonti, M., Katsanou, C., Daviti, A., and Vasilaki, O. (2023). In vitro synergistic activity of antimicrobial combinations against carbapenem-and colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010093"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04275-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04275-22","article-title":"Synergistic activity of colistin in combination with clofoctol against colistin resistant gram-negative pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Collalto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y.Y., Qin, Z.H., Yue, H.Y., Bergen, P.J., Deng, L.M., He, W.Y., Zeng, Z.L., Peng, X.F., and Liu, J.H. (2023). Synergistic effects of capric acid and colistin against colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010036"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04052-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04052-22","article-title":"Flufenamic acid, a promising agent for the sensitization of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to colistin","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burastero, G.J., Orlando, G., Santoro, A., Menozzi, M., Franceschini, E., Bedini, A., Cervo, A., Faltoni, M., Bacca, E., and Biagioni, E. (2022). Ceftazidime\/avibactam in ventilator-associated pneumonia due to difficult-to-treat non-fermenter gram-negative bacteria in COVID-19 patients: A case series and review of the literature. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081007"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2166931","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of ceftolozane-tazobactam in the treatment of GNB infections: A meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"21","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Anti-infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-022-00528-0","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam for the treatment of bacteremia: A systematic literature review (SLR)","volume":"21","author":"Khankhel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W., Hamouche, J.E., Wang, G., Smith, M., Yin, C., Dhand, A., Dimitrova, N., and Fallon, J.T. (2020). Integrated genome-wide analysis of an isogenic pair of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates with differential antimicrobial resistance to ceftolozane\/tazobactam, ceftazidime\/avibactam, and piperacillin\/tazobactam. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031026"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1756775","article-title":"Meropenem\/vaborbactam: A next generation \u03b2-lactam \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination","volume":"18","author":"Novelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00256-22","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00256-22","article-title":"New perspectives on antimicrobial agents: Imipenem-relebactam","volume":"66","author":"Lodise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, J., Dillon, R., Massello, M., Ralph, L., and Yang, Z. (2023). Cost\u2013effectiveness of imipenem\/cilastatin\/relebactam for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. J. Compar. Eff. Res., 12.","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2022-0113"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2203","article-title":"Plazomicin: A next-generation aminoglycoside. Pharmacother","volume":"39","author":"Shaeer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Pharmacol. Drug Ther."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03590-3","article-title":"Eravacycline, a newly approved fluorocycline","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab757","article-title":"Cefiderocol: A new cephalosporin stratagem against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"74","author":"Czech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S565","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz830","article-title":"Treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"69","author":"Doi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaibani, P., Giani, T., Bovo, F., Lombardo, D., Amadesi, S., Lazzarotto, T., Coppi, M., Rossolini, G.M., and Ambretti, S. (2022). resistance to ceftazidime\/avibactam, meropenem\/vaborbactam and imipenem\/relebactam in Gram-negative MDR bacilli: Molecular mechanisms and susceptibility testing. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050628"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2802","article-title":"Sulbactam-durlobactam: A Novel \u03b2-lactam-\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination targeting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"43","author":"Caniff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacother. J. Human Pharmacol. Drug Ther."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murugaiyan, J., Kumar, P.A., Rao, G.S., Iskandar, K., Hawser, S., Hays, J.P., Mohsen, Y., Adukkadukkam, S., Awuah, W.A., and Jose, R.A.M. (2022). Progress in alternative strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance: Focus on antibiotics. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020200"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.11.001","article-title":"Phage therapy for secondary bacterial infections with COVID-19","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S247271","article-title":"How CRISPR-Cas system could be used to combat antimicrobial resistance","volume":"13","author":"Gholizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"120","article-title":"Non-antibiotic prevention and treatment against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Are vaccines and adjuvants effective strategies?","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06690-6","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals","volume":"48","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00797-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00797-17","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates containing blaOXA-237 carried on a plasmid","volume":"61","author":"Hujer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e354","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00090-2","article-title":"Co-infections, secondary infections, and antimicrobial use in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study: A multicentre, prospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Russell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segala, F.V., Bavaro, D.F., Di Gennaro, F., Salvati, F., Marotta, C., Saracino, A., Murri, R., and Fantoni, M. (2021). Impact of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on antimicrobial resistance: A literature review. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112110"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30009-4","article-title":"Co-infections: Potentially lethal and unexplored in COVID-19","volume":"1","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01085-z","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis (November 2019\u2013June 2021)","volume":"11","author":"Kariyawasam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149859","article-title":"Global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae from LMICs: An in-silico approach","volume":"802","author":"Silvester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandi, N., Ciccarese, F., Balacchi, C., Rimondi, M.R., Modolon, C., Sportoletti, C., Capozzi, C., Renzulli, M., Paccapelo, A., and Castelli, A. (2022). Co-infections and superinfections in COVID-19 critically Ill patients are associated with CT imaging abnormalities and the worst outcomes. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071617"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.008","article-title":"Predictors and microbiology of respiratory and bloodstream bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: Living rapid review update and meta-regression","volume":"28","author":"Langford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.07.016","article-title":"Bacterial coinfection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: A living rapid review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Langford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microb. Infect."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa220","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa220","article-title":"Secondary bacterial infections in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.046","article-title":"Coinfections in people with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Lansbury","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.05.013","article-title":"Co-infections among patients with COVID-19: The need for combination therapy with non-anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents?","volume":"53","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavrinenko, A., Kolesnichenko, S., Kadyrova, I., Turmukhambetova, A., Akhmaltdinova, L., and Klyuyev, D. (2023). Bacterial co-infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients hospitalized with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia in Kazakhstan. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030370"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacovelli, A., Oliva, A., Siccardi, G., Tramontano, A., Pellegrino, D., Mastroianni, C.M., Venditti, M., and Palange, P. (2023). Risk factors and effect on mortality of superinfections in a newly established COVID-19 respiratory sub-intensive care unit at University Hospital in Rome. BMC Pulm. Med., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02315-9"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01113-y","article-title":"Microbiologically confirmed infections and antibiotic-resistance in a national surveillance study of hospitalised patients who died with COVID-19, Italy 2020\u20132021","volume":"11","author":"Floridia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Res. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traglia, G.M., Pasteran, F., Escalante, J., Nishimura, B., Tuttobene, M.R., Subils, T., Nu\u00f1ez, M.R., Rivollier, M.G., Corso, A., and Tolmasky, M.E. (2023). Genomic comparative analysis of two multi-drug resistance (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains assigned to international clonal lineage II recovered pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12030358"},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"3139270","article-title":"Risk factors of clonally related, multi, and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in severely Ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"2023","author":"Abdulrahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Canad. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741438","article-title":"An update on secondary bacterial and fungal infections and their antimicrobial resistance pattern (AMR) in COVID-19 confirmed patients at a tertiary care hospital","volume":"14","author":"Boorgula","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Lab. Physicians"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab300","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surveillance, prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: A global survey","volume":"76","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01020","article-title":"The novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak: Global implications for antimicrobial resistance","volume":"11","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrestha, P., He, S., and Legido-Quigley, H. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance research collaborations in Asia: Challenges and opportunities to equitable partnerships. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11060755"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632010X221099889","DOI":"10.1177\/2632010X221099889","article-title":"Indiscriminate use of antibiotics for COVID-19 treatment in South Asian Countries is a threat for future pandemics due to antibacterial resistance","volume":"15","author":"Daria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.033","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in South East Asia: A participatory systems modelling approach","volume":"116","author":"Lambraki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S299774","article-title":"Secondary infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Indian experience","volume":"14","author":"Vijay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini, V., Jain, C., Singh, N., Alsulimani, A., Gupta, C., Dar, S., Haque, S., and Das, S. (2021). Paradigm shift in antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10080954"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, N., Khan, M., Saleem, W., Karobari, M.I., Mohamed, R.N., Heboyan, A., Rabaan, A.A., Mutair, A.A., Alhumaid, S., and Alsadiq, S.A. (2022). Evaluation of bi-lateral co-infections and antibacterial resistance rates among COVID-19 patients. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020276"},{"key":"ref_169","unstructured":"OECD, and ECDC (2023, June 21). Antimicrobial Resistance\u2014Tackling the Burden in the European Union\u2014Briefing Note for EU\/EEA Countries, Available online: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/health\/health-systems\/AMR-Tackling-the-Burden-in-the-EU-OECD-ECDC-Briefing-Note-2019.pdf."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres14020052","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship: Before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Khaznadar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe 2022\u20132020 Data."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00468-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of respiratory Gram-negative bacterial isolates from COVID-19 patients in Switzerland","volume":"20","author":"Gysin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070926","article-title":"Clinical impact of COVID-19 on multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit setting: Two pandemics compared","volume":"11","author":"Arcari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab495","article-title":"Spread of hypervirulent multidrug-resistant ST147 Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with severe COVID-19: An observational study from Italy, 2020\u20132021","volume":"77","author":"Falcone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3902","article-title":"COVID-19 in Africa: Dampening the storm?","volume":"369","author":"Mbow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"e21035","article-title":"Cropping up crisis at the nexus between COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Africa: A scoping review and synthesis of early evidence","volume":"14","author":"Gutema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-01040-4","article-title":"Assessing transparency and accountability of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance in 15 african countries","volume":"11","author":"Harant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutua, J.M., Njeru, J.M., and Musyoki, A.M. (2022). Multidrug resistant bacterial infections in severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted in a national referral and teaching hospital, Kenya. BMC Infect. Dis., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07885-3"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00344-w","article-title":"The use of antibiotics in COVID-19 management: A rapid review of national treatment guidelines in 10 African countries","volume":"49","author":"Adebisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12060949","article-title":"Identifying and prioritising behaviours to slow antimicrobial resistance","volume":"12","author":"Tull","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0187","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial resistance from an Australian perspective","volume":"28","author":"Merlino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_182","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health (2023, August 25). 2019 Influenza Season in Australia. A Summary from the National Influenza Surveillance Committee, Available online: https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/7610377A5BEB1D25CA25874B007D9DD2\/%24File\/2019-Influenza-Season-Summary.pdf."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"100616","article-title":"Key lessons from the COVID-19 public health response in Australia","volume":"30","author":"Basseal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health\u2014West. Pac."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X221148499","article-title":"Podcasting and constructive journalism in health stories about antimicrobial resistance (AMR)","volume":"187","author":"Lindgren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Media Int. Australia"},{"key":"ref_185","unstructured":"Bauer, K.A., Puzniak, L.A., Yu, K.C., Klinker, K.P., Watts, J.A., Moise, P.A., Finelii, L., Ai, C., and Gupta, V. (2022). Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00227-0","article-title":"The pandemic legacy of antimicrobial resistance in the USA","volume":"3","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_187","first-page":"100474","article-title":"Driving multisectoral antimicrobial resistance action in South America: Lessons learned from implementing an enhanced tripartite AMR country self-assessment tool","volume":"16","author":"Beith","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14549","article-title":"Machine learning models for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility tests","volume":"1520","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001750","article-title":"Characteristics of reported gonorrhea diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre\u2013COVID-19 pandemic, Baltimore City, Maryland","volume":"50","author":"Coen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex. Transmit. Dis."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"338","article-title":"Increment antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Invifar Network","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030537","article-title":"Microbiology clinical culture diagnostic yields and antimicrobial resistance proportions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Indian Community Hospital and two US Community Hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Gandra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2811.220415","article-title":"Increased detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bacteria in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.05.017","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in patients with COVID-19: An epidemiological and clinical study","volume":"16","author":"Rossato","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/9\/1843\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:43:05Z","timestamp":1760128985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/9\/1843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"references-count":193,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["v15091843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15091843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]}}}