{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T20:45:59Z","timestamp":1772311559020,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Programmes Transversaux de Recherche-PTR","award":["SPILLOVER-MADA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPILLOVER-MADA"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur Programmes Transversaux de Recherche-PTR","award":["ANR-10-LABX62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX62-IBEID"]}]},{"name":"Labex IBEID","award":["SPILLOVER-MADA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPILLOVER-MADA"]}]},{"name":"Labex IBEID","award":["ANR-10-LABX62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX62-IBEID"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diversity and circulation of arboviruses are not much studied in Madagascar. The fact is that arboviral emergences are rarely detected. The existing surveillance system primarily relies on serological detection and records only a few human infections annually. The city of Mahajanga, however, experienced a confirmed dengue fever epidemic in 2020 and 2021. This study aimed to characterize and analyze the virome of mosquitoes collected in Mahajanga, near patients with dengue-like syndromes to detect known and unknown viruses as well as investigate the factors contributing to the relative low circulation of arboviruses in the area. A total of 4280 mosquitoes representing at least 12 species from the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genera were collected during the dry and the rainy seasons from three sites, following an urbanization gradient. The virome analysis of 2192 female mosquitoes identified a diverse range of viral families and genera and revealed different patterns that are signatures of the influence of the mosquito genus or the season of collection on the composition and abundance of the virome. Despite the absence of known human or veterinary arboviruses, the identification and characterization of viral families, genera, and species in the mosquito virome contribute to our understanding of viral ecology and diversity within mosquito populations in Madagascar. This study serves as a foundation for ongoing surveillance efforts and provides a basis for the development of preventive strategies against various mosquito-borne viral diseases, including known arboviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T09:42:53Z","timestamp":1693474973000},"page":"1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comprehensive Characterization of Viral Diversity of Female Mosquitoes in Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Bennouna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Luciano","family":"Tantely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vololoniaina","family":"Raharinosy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6397-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soa Fy","family":"Andriamandimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8504-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bigot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Chr\u00e9tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Jacquemet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stevenn","family":"Volant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Temmam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8084-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Girod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Eloit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, University of Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.051004","article-title":"Host Feeding Patterns of Culex Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United 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