{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:14Z","timestamp":1760149754494,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/R019991\/1","BBS\/E\/I\/00007039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/R019991\/1","BBS\/E\/I\/00007039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Pirbright Flow cytometry facility unit and Core capability","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/R019991\/1","BBS\/E\/I\/00007039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/R019991\/1","BBS\/E\/I\/00007039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nairobi sheep disease (NSD), caused by the viral agent NSD virus (NSDV), is a haemorrhagic fever disease affecting and inducing high mortality in sheep and goat populations. NSDV belongs to the genus Orthonairovirus of the Nairoviridae family from the order Bunyavirales. Other viruses circulating in livestock such as Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Dugbe virus (DUGV) are members of the same genus and are reported to share antigenic features. There are very few available materials to study NSDV infection both in vitro and in vivo. In the present work, we characterised two monoclonal antibodies generated in mice that recognise NSDV specifically but not CCHFV or DUGV, along with a potential use to define virus-infected cells, using flow cytometry. We believe this tool can be useful for research, but also NSDV diagnostics, especially through immunological staining.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T09:59:31Z","timestamp":1693907971000},"page":"1876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Generation and Characterisation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus Nucleoprotein"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4632-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Maze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiphany","family":"Chrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Limon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Charleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine (CCVTM), Churchill Hospital Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2367","article-title":"Nairobi sheep disease virus\/Ganjam virus","volume":"34","author":"Baron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(17)80002-3","article-title":"On a tick-borne gastroenteritis of sheep and goats occurring in British East Africa","volume":"30","author":"Montgomery","year":"1917","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(58)80018-1","article-title":"An epizootic of Nairobi sheep disease in Uganda","volume":"68","author":"Weinbren","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00419","article-title":"Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus: A Historical and Epidemiological Perspective","volume":"7","author":"Krasteva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001485","article-title":"ICTV Report Consortium, 2020. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae","volume":"101","author":"Garrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70435-2","article-title":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasecka, L., Bin-Tarif, A., Bridgen, A., Juleff, N., Waters, R.A., and Baron, M.D. (2015). Antibodies to the core proteins of Nairobi sheep disease virus\/Ganjam virus reveal details of the distribution of the proteins in infected cells and tissues. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124966"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2023, August 30). WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2023, Section 3.10.\u2014Other Diseases, Chapter 3.10.1.\u2014Bunyaviral Diseases of Animals (Excluding Rift Valley Fever and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever), p. 10. Available online: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-manual-online-access\/."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartlaub, J., Keller, M., and Groschup, M.H. (2021). Deciphering Antibody Responses to Orthonairoviruses in Ruminants. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071493"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000149175","article-title":"The Nairovirus genus: Serological relationships","volume":"14","author":"Casals","year":"1980","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.060253","article-title":"Tickborne arbovirus surveillance in market livestock, Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Sang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-71","article-title":"Ganjam virus\/Nairobi sheep disease virus induces a pro-inflammatory response in infected sheep","volume":"43","author":"Lasecka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartlaub, J., Gutjahr, B., Fast, C., Mirazimi, A., Keller, M., and Groschup, M.H. (2021). Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Nairobi Sheep Disease Orthonairovirus Infections in Sheep and Cattle. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071250"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartlaub, J., Daodu, O.B., Sadeghi, B., Keller, M., Olopade, J., Oluwayelu, D., and Groschup, M.H. (2021). Cross-Reaction or Co-Infection? Serological Discrimination of Antibodies Directed against Dugbe and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus in Nigerian Cattle. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071398"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/9\/1876\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:46:36Z","timestamp":1760129196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/9\/1876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["v15091876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15091876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]}}}