{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:35:14Z","timestamp":1781930114508,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Turkish Red Crescent Society","award":["08-O-101-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-O-101-001"]}]},{"name":"Turkish Red Crescent Society","award":["871029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871029"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["08-O-101-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-O-101-001"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["871029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sandfly-borne phleboviruses are endemic in countries around the Mediterranean Basin and pose a significant health threat for populations, with symptoms spanning from febrile diseases to central nervous system involvement. We carried out a comprehensive cross-sectional screening via microneutralization (MN) assays for a quantitative assessment of neutralizing antibodies (NAs) to seven phleboviruses representing three distinct serocomplexes, using samples previously screened via immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) in Turkey, an endemic region with various phleboviruses in circulation. We detected NAs to three phleboviruses: Toscana virus (TOSV), sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV), and sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), while assays utilizing Adana virus, Punique virus, Massilia virus, and Zerdali virus remained negative. The most frequently observed virus exposure was due to TOSV, with a total prevalence of 22.6%, followed by SFNV (15.3%) and SFSV (12.1%). For each virus, IFA reactivity was significantly associated with NA detection, and further correlated with NA titers. TOSV and SFSV seroreactivities were co-detected, suggesting exposure to multiple pathogenic viruses presumably due to shared sandfly vectors. In 9.6% of the samples, multiple virus exposure was documented. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate widespread exposure to distinct pathogenic phleboviruses, for which diagnostic testing and serological screening efforts should be directed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:05:17Z","timestamp":1694423117000},"page":"1902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Human Sandfly-Borne Phlebovirus Exposure in an Endemic Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ceylan","family":"Polat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4979-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazl\u0131","family":"Ayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Bak\u0131r","family":"Saygan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Middle Anatolia Regional Blood Center, Turkish Red Crescent Society, Ankara 06378, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevilay","family":"Karahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remi","family":"Charrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire des Infections Virales Aigues et Tropicales, Pole des Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HM Hopitaux Universitaires de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koray","family":"Erg\u00fcnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey"},{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA"},{"name":"One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine Sandflies and the Spreading of Leishmaniases and Other Diseases of Public Health Concern","volume":"27","author":"Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. 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