{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:12:41Z","timestamp":1787688761795,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC","award":["298496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["298496"]}]},{"name":"NSERC","award":["136807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["136807"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)","award":["298496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["298496"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)","award":["136807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["136807"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the emergence of the novel betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been an urgent need for the development of fast-acting antivirals, particularly in dealing with different variants of concern (VOC). SARS-CoV-2, like other RNA viruses, depends on host cell machinery to propagate and misregulate metabolic pathways to its advantage. Herein, we discovered that the immunometabolic microRNA-185 (miR-185) restricts SARS-CoV-2 propagation by affecting its entry and infectivity. The antiviral effects of miR-185 were studied in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein pseudotyped virus, surrogate virus (HCoV-229E), as well as live SARS-CoV-2 virus in Huh7, A549, and Calu-3 cells. In each model, we consistently observed microRNA-induced reduction in lipid metabolism pathways-associated genes including SREBP2, SQLE, PPARG, AGPAT3, and SCARB1. Interestingly, we also observed changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these data show that miR-185 significantly restricts host metabolic and other pathways that appear to be essential to SAR-CoV-2 replication and propagation. Overall, this study highlights an important link between non-coding RNAs, immunometabolic pathways, and viral infection. miR-185 mimics alone or in combination with other antiviral therapeutics represent possible future fast-acting antiviral strategies that are likely to be broadly antiviral against multiple variants as well as different virus types of potential pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1694685623000},"page":"1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["microRNA-185 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection through the Modulation of the Host\u2019s Lipid Microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magen E.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noreen","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson A.","family":"Kelvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Paul","family":"Pezacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00573-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape","volume":"19","author":"Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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