{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:30:55Z","timestamp":1791405055819,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["DA046284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046284"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["DA046852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046852"]}]},{"name":"departmental startup funds","award":["DA046284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046284"]}]},{"name":"departmental startup funds","award":["DA046852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046852"]}]},{"name":"Lieberman Endowment","award":["DA046284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046284"]}]},{"name":"Lieberman Endowment","award":["DA046852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046852"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the 21st century, the effects of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been significantly reduced in individuals due to the development of antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). However, the growing epidemic of polysubstance use (PSU) has led to concern for the effects of PSU on HIV-seropositive individuals. To effectively treat individuals affected by HAND, it is critical to understand the biological mechanisms affected by PSU, including the identification of novel markers. To fill this important knowledge gap, we used an in vivo HIV-1 Transgenic (HIV-1 Tg) animal model to investigate the effects of the combined use of chronic methamphetamine (METH) and oxycodone (oxy). A RNA-Seq analysis on the striatum\u2014a brain region that is primarily targeted by both HIV and drugs of abuse\u2014identified key differentially expressed markers post-METH and oxy exposure. Furthermore, ClueGO analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed crucial molecular and biological functions associated with ATP-activated adenosine receptors, neuropeptide hormone activity, and the oxytocin signaling pathway to be altered between the different treatment groups. The current study further reveals the harmful effects of chronic PSU and HIV infection that can subsequently impact neurological outcomes in polysubstance users with HAND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T02:26:17Z","timestamp":1695090377000},"page":"1948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel RNA-Seq Signatures Post-Methamphetamine and Oxycodone Use in a Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5583-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranavi","family":"Athota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nghi M.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Schaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9936-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sankarasubramanian","family":"Jagadesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chittibabu","family":"Guda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1530-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sowmya V.","family":"Yelamanchili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"National Strategic Research Institute, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7226-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurudutt","family":"Pendyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"National Strategic Research Institute, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305412","article-title":"Polysubstance Use: A Broader Understanding of Substance Use during the Opioid Crisis","volume":"110","author":"Cicero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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