{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:32:20Z","timestamp":1782786740111,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","award":["34\/1\/TD-AgriNutriBiotech\/NCP-FBR 2020-RPPBDD-TMD-SeMI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34\/1\/TD-AgriNutriBiotech\/NCP-FBR 2020-RPPBDD-TMD-SeMI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trialeurodes vaporariorum, commonly known as the greenhouse whitefly, severely infests important crops and serves as a vector for apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd). This vector-mediated transmission may cause the spread of infection to other herbaceous crops. For effective management of ASSVd, it is important to explore the whitefly\u2019s proteins, which interact with ASSVd RNA and are thereby involved in its transmission. In this study, it was found that a small heat shock protein (sHsp) from T. vaporariorum, which is expressed under stress, binds to ASSVd RNA. The sHsp gene is 606 bp in length and encodes for 202 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 22.98 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.95. Intermolecular interaction was confirmed through in silico analysis, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and northwestern assays. The sHsp22.98 protein was found to exist in both monomeric and dimeric forms, and both forms showed strong binding to ASSVd RNA. To investigate the role of sHsp22.98 during ASSVd infection, transient silencing of sHsp22.98 was conducted, using a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing system. The sHsp22.98-silenced whiteflies showed an approximate 50% decrease in ASSVd transmission. These results suggest that sHsp22.98 from T. vaporariorum is associated with viroid RNA and plays a significant role in transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15102069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T10:48:33Z","timestamp":1696848513000},"page":"2069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Small Heat Shock Protein (sHsp22.98) from Trialeurodes vaporariorum Plays Important Role in Apple Scar Skin Viroid Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Savita","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR\u2014Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0544-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijayanandraj","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India"},{"name":"Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preshika","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR\u2014Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Bhuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India"},{"name":"Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rituraj","family":"Purohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India"},{"name":"Bioinformatics Lab, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR\u2014Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4646-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR\u2014Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5189-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vipin","family":"Hallan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR\u2014Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umer, M., Liu, J., You, H., Xu, C., Dong, K., Luo, N., Kong, L., Li, X., Hong, N., and Wang, G. 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