{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:34:53Z","timestamp":1760150093121,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Measles has not yet been eradicated; therefore, its outbreaks are still reported throughout the world. Like any infection, measles is dangerous for immunocompromised patients. Levels of anti-measles IgG antibodies were measured in 157 patients aged 17 to 72, who were placed on the lung transplant waiting list. Measurements were undertaken by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the VectoMeasles-IgG kit (Russia). The proportion of patients seronegative for measles was 19% (30\/157). Correlation was detected between patients\u2019 age and their levels of anti-measles antibodies, with higher proportions of patients having undetectable titers (25.5\u201328.9%) or low antibody levels (38.3\u201344.4%) in the young age groups (17\u201329 and 30\u201339 years old). There were no differences between male and female patients in levels of anti-measles antibodies or in the proportion of seronegative individuals. Analyses of antibody levels with regard to type of disease revealed the highest rate of seronegative results in cystic fibrosis patients (34.4%, 11\/32). Overall, 19% of lung transplant candidates, mostly young people and cystic fibrosis patients, did not have protective immunity against measles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15102121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T11:46:26Z","timestamp":1697715986000},"page":"2121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of Anti-Measles Immunity in Lung Transplant Candidates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Valentina B.","family":"Polishchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail P.","family":"Kostinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksey A.","family":"Ryzhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vaccination and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Karchevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 127994 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Intensive Therapy and Respiratory Failure, Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 115682 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina L.","family":"Solov\u2019eva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ulyanovsk State University, 432017 Ulyanovsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Cherdantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ulyanovsk State University, 432017 Ulyanovsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristitsa M.","family":"Kostinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arseniy A.","family":"Poddubikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1086\/320899","article-title":"Prophylactic measures in the solid-organ recipient before transplantation","volume":"33","author":"Avery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2023.03.004","article-title":"Immunization of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: A 2022 Update","volume":"37","author":"Bahakel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e13563:1","article-title":"Vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: Guidelines from the American society of transplantation infectious diseases community of practice","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.04.002","article-title":"Immunization of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: A 2018 Update","volume":"32","author":"Theodoropoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit816","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host","volume":"58","author":"Rubin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002012","article-title":"Vaccine Recommendations for Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients and Donors","volume":"102","author":"Stucchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.11.010","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity in cystic fibrosis","volume":"37","author":"Bruscia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1086\/320906","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of infections after lung transplantation","volume":"33","author":"Speich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2023, September 01). Countries in the European Region Stepping up to Stop the Spread of Measles as Cases in 2023 Already Exceed All Those in 2022. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/26-04-2023-countries-in-the-european-region-stepping-up-to-stop-the-spread-of-measles-as-cases-in-2023-already-exceed-all-those-in-2022."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay6485","article-title":"Measles virus infection diminishes preexisting antibodies that offer protection from other pathogens","volume":"366","author":"Mina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00131-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00131-18","article-title":"In Vitro Measles Virus Infection of Human Lymphocyte Subsets Demonstrates High Susceptibility and Permissiveness of both Naive and Memory B Cells","volume":"28","author":"Laksono","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00925.x","article-title":"Measles virus-induced suppression of immune responses","volume":"236","author":"Griffin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"49","article-title":"Vaccinal prevention of controlled infections in children with local forms of primary tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Drozdenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Vaccinal Prev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000375","article-title":"Asthma Status and Waning of Measles Antibody Concentrations after Measles Immunization","volume":"33","author":"Yoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.31631\/2073-3046-2019-18-1-43-49","article-title":"Collective immunity to virus measles o medical workers and students of medical colleges in the republic of Tatarstan","volume":"18","author":"Avdonina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Vaccinal Prev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15789\/2220-7619-LOM-690","article-title":"Level of measles herd immunity assessed in hospital medical workers within a framework of the state measles elimination program","volume":"10","author":"Kostinov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Russ. J. Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"45","article-title":"Evaluation of measles immunity intensity among medical workers in the city of Perm","volume":"4","author":"Sarmometov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Vaccinal Prev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.31631\/2073-3046-2021-20-4-73-78","article-title":"Assessment of the state of anti-measles immunity in medicine personnel of a children\u2019s hospital","volume":"20","author":"Tkachenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Vaccinal Prev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680506","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.680506","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of the Measles Antibody Levels in Healthy Medical Personnel of Maternity Ward and Women in Labor","volume":"12","author":"Kostinov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1657353","article-title":"Utility of serological screening for measles, mumps and rubella in immunocompromised patients","volume":"15","author":"Sticchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2118508","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.18508","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Measles and Mumps Antibodies Among Individuals with Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Marquis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.36233\/0372-9311-2020-97-5-7","article-title":"The status of herd immunity to measles in Russia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"97","author":"Nozdracheva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Tikhonova, N.T., Ignateva, G.V., Gerasimova, A.G., Moskaleva, T.N., Sadykova, D.K., Tsvirkun, O.V., Selezneva, T.S., Titova, N.S., Zargariants, A.I., and Mikheeva, I.V. (2003). Epidemiological Surveillance of Measles, Rubella and Mumps. Methodical Instructions, (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.15789\/2220-7619-2019-3-4-607-611","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immunity to measles and rubella virus antigens in healthy subjects","volume":"9","author":"Smerdova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Russ. J. Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.31631\/2073-3046-2020-19-1-43-50","article-title":"Population immunity to measles in the Republic of Belarus following long-standing vaccination","volume":"19","author":"Samoilovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Vaccinal Prev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100128","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps-, and Rubella-specific antibodies in the German adult population\u2014Cross-sectional analysis of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)","volume":"7","author":"Friedrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasika, A., Bogogiannidou, Z., Mouchtouri, V.A., Dadouli, K., Kyritsi, M.A., Vontas, A., Voulgaridi, I., Tsinaris, Z., Kola, K., and Matziri, A. (2023). Measles Immunity Status of Greek Population after the Outbreak in 2017-2018: Results from a Seroprevalence National Survey. Vaccines, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1156.v1"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.18093\/0869-0189-2018-28-6-701-707","article-title":"Age-related immune response to measles virus in staff of a large city hospital","volume":"28","author":"Kostinov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Russ. Pulmonol. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.02.067","article-title":"Measles immunity in a Czech tertiary care hospital","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqy132","article-title":"Measles immunity in an Italian teaching hospital","volume":"69","author":"Coppeta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, M.Y., Shao, H.H., and Tsou, M.T. (2022). Measles immunity in medical center staff after changes in national and local hospital vaccination policies. BMC Infect. Dis., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07419-x"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa660","article-title":"Lower Rate of Seropositivity to Measles Among Young Healthcare Personnel in New York City","volume":"71","author":"Lucca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002722","article-title":"Immunity to Vaccine-preventable Viral Infections in Australians Being Evaluated for Liver Transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Gardiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16602","article-title":"Immunity to varicella, measles, and mumps in patients evaluated for lung transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Hostetler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3733","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa824","article-title":"Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Zoster Virus Serology and Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients During the First Year Posttransplantation","volume":"73","author":"Rezahosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13973","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13973","article-title":"Serologic evaluation of vaccine preventable infections and vaccination rates in kidney transplant candidates","volume":"24","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad065","article-title":"Quantification of Waning Immunity After Measles Vaccination-Evidence from a Seroprevalence Study","volume":"192","author":"Mikas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1871296","article-title":"Long-term immunogenicity after measles vaccine vs. wild infection: An Italian retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Bianchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00866312","article-title":"Response to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in children on dialysis","volume":"6","author":"Schulman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Kostinov, M.P. (1996). Guidelines for Doctors, Medicine for Everybody. [1st ed.]. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.24110\/0031-403X-2017-96-4-150-158","article-title":"Clinical effect of vaccination against P. aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis and lungs congenital malformations","volume":"96","author":"Blagovidov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Named G.N. Speransky"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Kostinov, M.P., and Solovyova, I.L. (2013). Immunomodulators and Vaccination, 4Mpress. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.24110\/0031-403X-2017-96-4-140-145","article-title":"Are children with allergic diseases and sickly children resistant to measles after revaccination?","volume":"96","author":"Kostinov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Named G.N. Speransky"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"73","article-title":"The use of immunotropic drugs in vaccination of frequently ill children against measles","volume":"6","author":"Kharit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/13813455.2012.659669","article-title":"Influence of an immunopotentiator Polyoxidonium on cytokine profile and antibody production in children vaccinated with Priorix","volume":"118","author":"Toptygina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.15789\/2220-7619-2011-1-85-91","article-title":"Vaccination of patients with oncology diseases against measles and mumps","volume":"1","author":"Kharit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Russ. J. Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"13","article-title":"The application of recombinant interferon alpha-2 under vaccination with divalent vaccine against measles and epidemic parotitis in frequently ill children","volume":"4","author":"Fridman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lechenie Profil."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/10\/2121\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:09:51Z","timestamp":1760130591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/15\/10\/2121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["v15102121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15102121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]}}}