{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T02:14:40Z","timestamp":1782526480945,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019K1A3A1A61091813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019K1A3A1A61091813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars of all ages. Over a span of 100 years, ASF has continued to spread over continents and adversely affects the global pig industry. To date, no vaccine or treatment has been approved. The complex genome structure and diverse variants facilitate the immune evasion of the ASF virus (ASFV). Recently, advanced technologies have been used to design various potential vaccine candidates and effective diagnostic tools. This review updates vaccine platforms that are currently being used worldwide, with a focus on genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, including an understanding of their potential efficacy and limitations of safety and stability. Furthermore, advanced ASFV detection technologies are presented that discuss and incorporate the challenges that remain to be addressed for conventional detection methods. We also highlight a nano-bio-based system that enhances sensitivity and specificity. A combination of prophylactic vaccines and point-of-care diagnostics can help effectively control the spread of ASFV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T09:27:28Z","timestamp":1698658048000},"page":"2169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Advanced Strategies for Developing Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools for African Swine Fever"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jong-Woo","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Thu Hang","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0583-4111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van Phan","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjoo","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daesub","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0764-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Gwin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2858-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galindo, I., and Alonso, C. 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