{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:55:12Z","timestamp":1774061712501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education &amp; Scientific Research of Iraq","award":["4394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4394"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is known to cause mild to severe respiratory illness. Under some conditions, the infection can lead to pneumonia (viral or bacterial), acute respiratory distress syndrome, and other complications that can be fatal, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with underlying health conditions. Despite previous studies, little is known about the host immune response and neuroimmune interactions in IAV infection. Using RNA sequencing, we performed transcriptomic analysis of murine lung tissue 21 days post infection (dpi) with IAV (H1N1) in order to find the differentially expression genes (DEGs) related to the host immune response and neuroimmune interactions inside the lung during recovery. Among 792 DEGs, 434 genes were up-regulated, whereas 358 genes were down-regulated. The most prominent molecular functions of the up-regulated genes were related to the immune response and tissue repair, whereas a large proportion of the down-regulated genes were associated with neural functions. Although further molecular\/functional studies need to be performed for these DEGs, our results facilitate the understanding of the host response (from innate immunity to adaptive immunity) and neuroimmune interactions in infected lungs at the recovery stage of IAV infection. These genes might have potential uses as mechanistic\/diagnostic biomarkers and represent possible targets for anti-IAV therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T12:44:03Z","timestamp":1698756243000},"page":"2198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcriptomic Profiling of Influenza A Virus-Infected Mouse Lung at Recovery Stage Using RNA Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Huda A. M.","family":"Al-Shalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology\/Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dailun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3751-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6732-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasim","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abha","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Core Research Facility, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne K.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26990","article-title":"A brief review of influenza virus infection","volume":"93","author":"Javanian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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