{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:57:56Z","timestamp":1785455876186,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-MIP-23-80"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP-23-80"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V-789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V-789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V-786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V-786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-V-0671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-V-0671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-V-0352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-V-0352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Foundation","award":["S-MIP-23-80"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP-23-80"]}]},{"name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Foundation","award":["V-789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V-789"]}]},{"name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Foundation","award":["V-786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V-786"]}]},{"name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Foundation","award":["2021-V-0671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-V-0671"]}]},{"name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Foundation","award":["2022-V-0352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-V-0352"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rising awareness and increasing number of case reports of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in dogs indicate that the virus might be an important tick-borne pathogen in dogs, especially in endemic areas. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rate of TBEV RNA and TBEV-specific antibodies in clinical samples of dogs living in a highly endemic region of Lithuania and to evaluate the main risk factors for severe disease course and death. The blood samples (n = 473) of dogs were collected in two veterinary clinics in central Lithuania. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA was detected in 18.6% (88\/473; CI 95% 15.2\u201322.4) and TBEV-specific antibodies were found in 21.6% (102\/473; CI 95% 17.9\u201325.6) of dog blood serum samples after confirmation with a virus neutralization test. The death\/euthanasia rate was 18.2% (16\/88; CI 95% 10.8\u201327.8) in PCR-positive dogs. Male dogs were more likely to develop neurological symptoms (p = 0.008). Older dogs (p = 0.003), dogs with the presence of neurological symptoms (p = 0.003), and dogs with the presence of TBEV-specific antibodies (p = 0.024) were more likely to experience worse outcomes of the disease. The results of the present study demonstrate that TBEV is a common and clinically important pathogen in dogs in such endemic countries as Lithuania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:49:47Z","timestamp":1700182187000},"page":"2265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Risk Factors of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Dogs in Lithuania, a Highly Endemic State"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7714-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelina","family":"Simkute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania<email>juozas.grigas@lsmu.lt<\/email> (J.G.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnoldas","family":"Pautienius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania<email>juozas.grigas@lsmu.lt<\/email> (J.G.)"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2450-5700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juozas","family":"Grigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania<email>juozas.grigas@lsmu.lt<\/email> (J.G.)"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Urbute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania<email>juozas.grigas@lsmu.lt<\/email> (J.G.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0952-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunas","family":"Stankevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania<email>juozas.grigas@lsmu.lt<\/email> (J.G.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.01.014","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and Russia: Review of pathogenesis, clinical features, therapy, and vaccines","volume":"164","author":"Ruzek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaut\u00e9, J., Spiteri, G., Warns-Petit, E., and Zeller, H. 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