{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:19:01Z","timestamp":1769185141446,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES)","award":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"name":"French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRAE)","award":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"name":"Ecole nationale v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort (EnvA)","award":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"name":"French Government\u2019s Investissement d\u2019Avenir program, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence \u201cIntegrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases\u201d","award":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABEX-62-IBEID"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are increasingly recognized as a critical One Health concern. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe neuro infection caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), has emerged as a significant global public health threat. Laboratory animals, particularly mice, have played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of TBD pathogenesis. Notably, BALB\/c mice have been employed as models due to their heightened susceptibility to TBEV. However, the use of C3H mice, valued for other tick-borne pathogens, has remained unexplored for TBEV until now. This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of C3H mice to TBEV infection, laying the groundwork for future co-infection models involving TBEV and Borrelia. Experiments revealed that C3H mice are susceptible to TBEV infection through subcutaneous inoculation. While 102 PFU\/mouse appeared necessary for full infection, 103 PFU\/mouse induced consistent symptoms. However, subsequent assessment of ticks\u2019 acquisition of TBEV from infected mice met with limited success, raising questions about optimal infectious doses for natural infection. These findings suggest the potential of C3H mice for studying TBEV and co-infections with other pathogens, particularly Borrelia. Further exploration of the interplay between these pathogens, their transmission dynamics, and disease severity could enhance prevention and control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T09:10:38Z","timestamp":1700212238000},"page":"2270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring the Susceptibility of C3H Mice to Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection: Implications for Co-Infection Models and Understanding of the Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Porcelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0770-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Claire","family":"Lagr\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Galon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Moutailler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2019-1663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Deshuillers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005967","article-title":"The global importance of ticks","volume":"129","author":"Jongejan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boelke, M., Puff, C., Becker, K., Hellhammer, F., Gusmag, F., Marks, H., Liebig, K., Stiasny, K., Dobler, G., and Baumg\u00e4rtner, W. 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